设施甜瓜白粉病农药减量化防控效果研究

Study on the Effect of Pesticide Reduction in Prevention and Control Powdery Mildew of Melon in Greenhouse

为筛选出对设施甜瓜白粉病防效好、安全性高的杀菌剂,采用田间小区试验方法,设置3个常量处理和3个减量处理,并以清水为空白对照,研究其对设施甜瓜白粉病的防治效果。结果表明:6个处理均对设施甜瓜生长安全,对白粉病有较好的防效,且增产效果明显。在3个常量处理中,667m^(2)施29%吡萘·嘧菌酯悬浮剂50mL的持效性最优,第2次药后14d防效为89.02%,比对照667m^(2)产量显著增加10.39%,667m^(2)增收5664.58元。在3个减量处理中,667 m^(2)施29%吡萘·嘧菌酯悬浮剂40 mL+激健乳油15mL处理表现最优,第2次药后14d防效为86.59%,比对照667m^(2)产量增加8.95%,667 m^(2)增收5741.23元。综合来看,3个常量处理和3个减量处理相比,减量处理的增产率均低于常量处理,但效益略高于常量处理,且减量处理减少了化学农药使用量,延缓了甜瓜抗药性风险,减少了未来投入成本。因此,为促进化学农药减量化使用,降低农药残留,提高甜瓜品质,建议在甜瓜白粉病发生初期或发生前每667 m^(2)用29%吡萘·嘧菌酯悬浮剂40 mL+激健乳油15 mL防治。

In order to screen out fungicides with good prevention and control effect and high safety against powdery mildew of melon in greenhouse,a field trial method was carried out by setting up three constant treatments and three reduced treatments,and water as a blank control to study their prevention and control effects on powdery mildew of melon in greenhouse.The results showed that the six treatments were safe for melon growth of greenhouse,had good prevention and control effects on powdery mildew and high yield.Among the three constant treatments,the treatment of spraying 29%isopyrazam·azoxystrobin suspension concentrate 50 mL per 667 m^(2)had the longest-lasting effect with 89.02%on the 14th day after the second application,a significant increase of 10.39%per 667 m^(2)in yield compared with the control and an increase of 5664.58 yuan per 667 m^(2)in benefit compared with the control.Among the three reduced treatments,the treatment of 29%isopyrazam·azoxystrobin suspension concentrate 40 mL+Jijian emulsion 15 mL per 667 m^(2)had the best control effect with 86.59%on the 14th day after the second application,an increase of 8.95%per 667 m^(2)in yield compared with the control and an increase of 5741.23 yuan per 667 m^(2)in benefit compared with the control.Overall,compared with the three constant treatments and three reduced treatments,the yield increase rates of the reduced treatments were lower than those of the constant treatments,but the benefits were slightly higher than those of the constant treatments.In addition,the reduced treatment reduced the use of chemical pesticides,delayed the risk of melon resistance to fungicide,and reduced future investment costs.Therefore,in order to promote the reduced use of chemical pesticides,reduce pesticide residues and improve the quality of melon,it was recommended to use 29%isopyrazam·azoxystrobin suspension concentrate 40 mL+Jijian emulsion 15 mL per 667 m^(2)during the early stage or before the occurrence of powdery mildew of melon.