伴RUNX1基因突变骨髓增生异常综合征患者的临床特征及预后分析

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Patients with RUNX1 Gene Mutation

目的:探讨伴RUNX1基因突变的骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者的临床特征及生存分析;方法:回顾性分析了2015年10月1日至2022年10月31日就诊于空军军医大学第二附属医院血液内科的177例初诊MDS患者临床资料,采用二代测序技术进行基因突变检测,分析RUNX1基因突变患者的临床特征并进行预后分析。结果:共有30例(16.95%)检测出RUNX1基因突变,突变位点均位于21号染色体上,突变类型包括错义突变15例(50.0%),移码缺失突变9例(30.0%),剪接位点突变4例(13.3%),插入突变1例(3.3%),无义突变1例(3.3%)。伴有RUNX1基因突变的患者诊断时中位年龄68.5(62.25-78.50)岁。伴有RUNX1基因突变与非突变患者在年龄、性别、初诊时外周血白细胞计数、血红蛋白水平、骨髓及外周血原始细胞比例、IPSS-R细胞遗传学,IPSS-R分期等方面均无统计学差异,但在血小板计数及是否伴有复杂染色体核型上有统计学差异,伴有RUNX1基因突变患者的血小板计数更低(P=0.018),初诊时不易出现复杂核型(P=0.01)。Cox风险比例模型分析结果显示,保持其他协变量不变时,血小板计数越高,生存情况愈好(HR=0.995,95%CI:0.990-0.999,P=0.036);IPSS-M预后分层中,保持其他协变量不变时,中高危组、低危组与高危组相比骨髓增生异常综合征进展或死亡的风险显著降低(HR=0.149,95%CI:0.031-0.721,P=0.018;HR=0.026,95%CI:0.003-0.234,P=0.001)。生存分析结果显示,伴RUNX1基因突变的MDS患者总生存时间差于未突变的患者(P<0.001);在WHO早期组中伴有RUNX1突变患者的中位OS差于非突变患者;IPSS-M危险分层低危组RUNX1基因突变患者的中位OS和中位LFS均差于非突变患者。结论:RUNX1基因突变是MDS患者预后不良因素,尤其IPSS-M预后分层低危、中高危组及WHO分类早期患者。

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and survival analysis of myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)with RUNX1 gene mutation.Methods:Clinical data of 177 newly diagnosed MDS patients admitted to the Department of Hematology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from October 1,2015 to October 31,2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Gene mutation detection was performed by second-generation sequencing technology,and clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with RUNX1 gene mutation were analyzed.Results:A total of 30 cases(16.95%)of RUNX1 gene mutations were detected,including 15 missense mutations(50.0%),9 frameshift deletion mutations(30.0%),4 splice site mutations(13.3%),1 insertion mutation(3.3%),and 1 nonsense mutation(3.3%).Patients with RUNX1 mutations had a median age of 68.5 years at diagnosis(range:62.25-78.50 years old).There were no significantly differences between RUNX1 mutations and wild type patients in age distribution,gender,peripheral blood white blood cell count,hemoglobin level,bone marrow and peripheral blood blasts ratio,IPSS-R cytogenetics,IPSS-R stage,etc.(P>0.05).However,there were statistically significant differences in platelet count and whether complicated karyotype.Compared with patients without RUNX1 gene mutation,patients with RUNX1 gene mutation had lower platelet count(P=0.018),and were less likely to have complicated karyotype at initial diagnosis(P=0.01).Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that when other covariates remained unchanged,the higher the platelet count,the better the survival of patients(HR=0.995,95%CI:0.990-0.999,P=0.036);In the IPSS-M prognostic stratification,keeping other covariates unchanged,the risk of progression or death of myelodysplastic syndrome was significantly lower in the medium to high-risk and low-risk groups compared with the high-risk group(HR=0.149,95%CI:0.031-0.721,P=0.018;HR=0.026,95%CI:0.003-0.234,P=0.001).Survival analysis showed that MDS patients with RUNX1 gene mutation had worse overall survival time(P<0.001).Patients with RUNX1 mutation had worse OS than non-mutation patients in the early WHO group.RUNX1mutation and IPSS-M risk stratification mean OS and mean LFS were worse in low-risk patients than in non-mutated patients.Conclusion:RUNX1 gene mutation is an adverse prognostic factor in MDS patients,especially in the IPSS-M prognosis stratification group of low-risk,medium-low risk,medium-high risk and WHO classification of early patients.