基于1974~2023年文献荟萃的我国不明蛇伤特征研究

Study on the characteristics of unidentified snakebite in China based on literature review from 1974 to 2023

目的统计分析我国过去50年间蛇伤文献中不明蛇伤病例,总结我国不明蛇伤的趋势与特征,为我国蛇伤防治提供参考。方法从中国知网收集我国1974~2023年发表的38篇与不明蛇伤相关的中文蛇伤期刊文献,回顾性分析不明蛇伤的时间分布、所属省份、医院等级、医院的经纬度、典型案例等情况。结果我国不明蛇伤的特点主要表现为:在时间上,呈现降-升-降螺旋下降的趋势;医院所处地理位置上,在经度106~118°、纬度17~30°的矩阵范围内不明蛇伤占比较高;在医院等级上,有不明蛇伤记录的省市级医疗机构超过趋势线的占该等级医疗机构的32.26%,低至县镇级的42.86%。结论我国应通过系统化的蛇伤识别培训和利用人工智能技术开发先进识别工具,提升各级医疗机构的蛇伤防治能力,降低不明蛇伤的发生率,提升防治效率和效果。

Objective Through analyzing the cases of unidentified snakebites reported in the literature in China during the past 50 years,some conclusions were drawn about the trends and characters of unidentified snakebites,which are given for reference in prevention and treatment of snakebites in China.Methods By retrospectively analyzing the cases of unidentified snakebites reported in 38 Chinese journal publications related to snake injuries collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure between 1974 and 2023,the temporal distribution,provincial affiliation,hospital classification,hospital coordinates,and typical cases of unidentified snakebites.Results The characteristics of unidentified snakebites in China are mainly as follows.The ratio of unidentified snakebites to identified snakebites shows a spiral downward tendency of decline-rise-decline with time and is higher in the region of 17-34°N and 106-118°E spatially.In terms of the hospital level,the proportion of province and city medical institutions documenting unidentified snakebite cases surpassing the trend line is 32.26%,which is lower than the corresponding figure of 42.86%observed in county and township medical facilities.Conclusion Therefore,some measures,such as snake injury identification training systematically and advanced identification tools using artificial intelligence technology,should be adopted to improve the snake injury prevention and control ability of medical institutions at all levels in China,reduce the incidence of unknown snake injuries,and improve the prevention and control efficiency and effect.