人工智能与新质生产力:多维契合、双重影响与政策启示

Artificial Intelligence and the Development of New Quality Productive Forces:Multidimensional Fit,Dual Impact,and Policy Implications

人工智能正在广泛而深刻地影响生产力。从内涵看,人工智能的三大基本要素——场域结构、机器学习和数据生成,与新质生产力的三大基本要素——劳动者、劳动资料和劳动对象具有多维契合关系。人工智能对新质生产力的发展具有双重影响。一方面,人工智能通过升级劳动者技能,形成新质劳动者;通过改变传统创新方式,形成新质劳动资料;通过拓展边界和挖掘价值,形成新质劳动对象。另一方面,人工智能也为新质生产力发展带来了劳动者就业与收入分化、技术鸿沟加大和新质资源非均衡积累等方面的包容性问题。因此,应培育与颠覆性技术相匹配和具有差异化竞争优势的新型劳动者队伍;区分一般性技术和颠覆性技术,因地制宜配置劳动资料;拓展劳动对象的范围,构建合理的价值增值评估机制;协同匹配各生产力要素,实现生产力持续优化。

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)and the urgent need for the development of productive forces,exploring the relationship between AI and the development of new quality productive forces is an important issue that needs to be solved in theory and practice.This paper focuses on the relationship between AI and new quality productive forces,aiming to analyze the impact of AI on new quality productive forces and propose corresponding policy recommendations.Through literature review and theoretical analysis,this paper finds that there is a multidimensional fit between the three basic elements of AI—field structure,machine learning,and data generation,and the three basic elements of new quality productive forces—workers,means of labor,and subjects of labor.Specifically,the field structure serves as the execution carrier of AI,just as workers are to productive forces;machine learning functions as a processing tool of AI,just as how means of labor supports productive forces;data are the fundamental raw material of AI,just as the subjects of labor are to productive forces.Furthermore,based on the application examples of AI worldwide,the study finds that AI has both positive and negative impacts on the development of new quality productive forces.On the one hand,AI can cultivate high‑quality workers by upgrading their skills,create new quality means of labor by innovating traditional production modes,and shape new quality subjects of labor by expanding boundaries and exploring value,thereby promoting the development of new quality productive forces.On the other hand,AI also brings inclusive issues such as skill differences,technological gaps,and challenges posed by novel economic phenomena.Compared to previous literature,this paper has made significant extensions in two aspects:firstly,it not only focuses on the correlation between AI and new quality productive forces but also demonstrates the multidimensional fit between the two,which deepens our understanding of the relationship between the two and provides a new perspective for understanding how AI affects the development of new quality productive forces;secondly,this paper not only analyzes the positive impact of the development of AI on various elements of new quality productive forces but also focuses on the inclusive issues arising from it.On this basis,this paper proposes targeted policy implications to maximize the positive impact of AI on the development of new quality productive forces,while minimizing the inclusive issues it brings.This comprehensive analysis of the dual impacts and policy responses can provide valuable references for formulating development policies of productive forces in the era of AI.This paper emphasizes that original and disruptive technological innovation such as AI is the core element for cultivating and developing new driving forces of new quality productive forces.However,in the current era of rapid development of AI,balancing technological innovation with social inclusion and achieving sustainable development is a key challenge facing us.We should aspire to a vision that can fully tap into the potential of AI while also taking into account the broad social welfare.