中国电影中的老年形象和现实美学

The Images of the Elderly in Chinese Movies and Realistic Aesthetics

过去二十年间,来自中国内地、中国香港、中国台湾的纪录片和叙事片都突出了衰老和死亡(即便这并非影片的主题)。这表明,自20世纪30年代中国报告文学出现以来,现实美学在中国现代文化中一直发挥着作用。影片中的现实美学抵消了流行文化和主流叙事电影中的社会镇痛效应,给观众一种“真实性检验”。这种检验削弱了美学的意识形态,纠正了主流话语中老龄化和许多与老龄化相关的、颇为敏感的问题。本文比较了口头报告文学中的美学与电影的视觉语言之间的差异,以及老年形象如何阐明这些差异。从流行文化的角度来看,年老体弱的形象恰恰代表了商业娱乐不想看到或展示的东西;他们体现了真实性和社会现实,迫使观众思考不容忽视的问题以及只有老年人才能体现的历史。

Senility and death have been deliberately manifested in both documentaries and feature movies in Chinese mainland,China Hong Kong,and China Taiwan in the past 20 years,though they are not the theme of the movies.This indicates that realistic aesthetics has been playing the role in modern Chinese culture since Chinese reportage came into being in 1930s.Realistic aesthetics in the movies has neutralized the social analgesic effects of popular culture and mainstream narrative movies,providing the audience with“reality check”.This check weakens aesthetic ideology,and redresses what is wrong in aging in the mainstream discourse and many sensitive issues related to aging.This study analyzes the differences between aesthetics of oral reportage and visual language in movies,and shows how to illustrate these differences in demonstrating the elderly images.In terms of popular culture,the images of dotage are what commercial entertainment try to avoid,although they have proved their authenticity and social reality.The audience are forced to think about the problems that cannot neglected and what only the elderly can experience.