配方施肥对滴灌玉米生理生长及产量的影响

Effects of formula fertilizer on physiological growth and yield of drip irrigation maize

【目的】研究新疆南疆地区配方施肥对滴灌玉米生理生长及产量影响。【方法】以玉米品种新玉31号为供试材料,采取多点对比重复试验设计,设置4个处理:(1)配方施肥处理(OPT);N 15 kg/667m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)11.5 kg/667m^(2),K_(2)O_(6)kg/667m^(2);(2)配方施肥无氮处理(OPT-N);N 0 kg/667m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)11.5 kg/667m^(2),K_(2)O_(6)kg/667m^(2);(3)配方施肥无磷处理(OPT-P);N 15 kg/667m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)0 kg/667m^(2),K_(2)O_(6)kg/667m^(2);(3)配方施肥无钾处理(OPT-P),N 15 kg/667m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)0 kg/667m^(2),K_(2)O 0 kg/667m^(2),分析不同配方施肥对滴灌玉米农艺性状、光合特性(净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、细胞间隙CO_(2)浓度(Ci))、产量及肥料利用效率的变化。【结果】(1)配方施肥处理玉米株高、叶面积、光合特性和产量呈现最佳效果。(2)配方施肥处理比配方施肥无氮处理、配方施肥无磷处理、配方施肥无钾处理提高经济效益分别为602.4、316.8、220.8元/667m^(2)。(3)玉米产量与净光合速率、蒸腾速率、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长均呈现线性关系,其中产量与净光合速率的相关性较高,穗长、穗粗、秃尖长与产量相关性亦较高,净光合速率、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长一定程度上能体现产量,而其他指标虽具有相关性,但代表性不强。【结论】N 15 kg/667m^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)11.5 kg/667m^(2)、K_(2)O_(6)kg/667m^(2)配方处理可作为新疆南疆玉米节本增效的配方施肥组合。

【Objective】To study the effect of formula fertilization on the physiological growth and yield of maize under drip irrigation in Southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Xinyu No.31 was taken as the test material,a multi-point comparison and repeated test design was adopted.The test was set up with 4 treatments:(1)Formula fertilization treatment(OPT);N 15 kg/667m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)11.5 kg/667m^(2),K_(2)O_(6)kg/667m^(2);(2)Formula fertilization without nitrogen treatment(OPT-N);N 0 kg/667m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)11.5 kg/667m^(2),K_(2)O_(6)kg/667m^(2);(3)Formula fertilization without phosphorus treatment(OPT-P);N 15 kg/667m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)0 kg/667m^(2),K_(2)O_(6)kg/667m^(2);(4)Formula fertilization without potassium treatment(OPT-P),N 15 kg/667m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)0 kg/667m^(2),K_(2)O 0 kg/667m^(2),and then the effects of different formula fertilization on the agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics(net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)),yield and fertilizer of drip irrigation corn were analyzed,including the changes in utilization efficiency.【Results】(1)Formula fertilization showed the best effect on plant height,leaf area,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize in general.(2)Compared with formula fertilization without nitrogen treatment,formula fertilization without phosphorus treatment,formula fertilization without potassium treatment,the economic benefits were 602.4,316.8 and 220.8 yuan/667m^(2)respectively.(3)There was a linear relationship between corn yield and net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,plant height,ear height,ear length,ear diameter,and bald tip length.Ear diameter and length of bald tip were also highly correlated with the yield.Net photosynthetic rate,ear length,ear diameter and length of bald tip could reflect its yield to a certain extent,while other indicators had correlations,they were not representative.【Conclusion】The technical combination of N 15 kg/mu,P_(2)O_(5)11.5 kg/mu and K_(2)O 6kg/mu can be used as a cost-saving and efficient formula fertilization scheme for corn in southern Xinjiang.