城区铁路沿线公园声景评价及设计策略——以京秦铁路北京中心城区段为例

Soundscape evaluation and design strategy of urban railway parks:a case study of Beijing-Qinhuangdao Railway in the Section of Beijing Central City

铁路沿线城市空间通常被贴上遭受铁路运营车辆噪声污染大的标签而品质受损,实际上北京城区铁路沿线存在非常多的城市公园,这些公园的声景如何?文中以京秦铁路北京中心城区段沿线的公园为研究对象,通过定点测量结合随机问卷调查的方式,对其声环境进行实证研究,并分析影响其声景评价结果的因素。调查结果显示,大通滨河公园及郭家村绿地公园环境声压级超过规定的噪声限值,其声环境协调度和安静度也为负面评价。通过主客观数据分析,发现对于位于城市快速路和城市主干道附近的城市公园,城市交通噪声为影响公园声景主客观评价的主导声源。在安静的环境中,列车暴露噪声的好感度评价更加低。站场作业声、列车行驶声和汽车行驶声好感度评价的强度会受到其他因素不同程度上的影响,但其评价均为负面评价。人工声和生活声经常被认为是主导声,自然声感知频率较低。受访者行为会对声景满意度和协调度评价产生影响:安静休憩类的群体对于声环境的要求较其他类型的游客要求更高;而带孩子玩的群体对声环境的要求相对较低。并结合北京市城区京秦铁路沿线公园研究结论,提出铁路城区段沿线公园设计策略。

The urban space along the railway is usually labeled as suffering from the noise pollution of railway operating vehicles and the quality is damaged.In fact,there are a lot of urban parks along the railway in Beijing.How about the soundscape of these parks?In this paper,the park along the Beijing–Qinhuangdao railway downtown section of Beijing as the research object,through the fixed-point measurement and random questionnaire survey,the acoustic environment of the park was empirically-studied,and the factors affecting the soundscape evaluation results were analyzed.The results showed that the environmental sound pressure level of Datong Riverside Park and Guojiacun Green Park exceeded the prescribed noise limit,and the acoustic environment harmony and quietness were also evaluated negatively.Through the analysis of subjective and objective data,it is found that for urban parks located near urban expressways and urban main roads,urban traffic noise is the dominant sound source affecting the subjective and objective evaluation of park soundscape.In a quiet environment,the favorability evaluation of train exposure noise is lower.The intensity of favorability evaluation for railway yard operation sound,train running sound and car running sound will be affected by other factors to varying degrees,but their evaluation is negative.Artificial and living sounds are often considered as the dominant sound,while natural sounds are perceived at a lower frequency.The respondents’behaviors will have an impact on the soundscape satisfaction and coordination degree evaluation:The quiet group has a higher requirement on the sound environment than other types of tourists,while the group with children has a lower requirement on the sound environment.Based on the research results of the parks along the BeijingQinhuangdao railway in Beijing,the design strategy of the parks along the urban section of the railway is put forward.