职业教育价值失衡的多重困境与调适——基于教育价值取向的分析

Multiple Dilemmas and Adjustment of Vocational Education Value Imbalance——Analysis Based on the Value Orientation of Education

实用主义与自由主义的教育价值取向为职业教育提供了两种不同的发展路径,二者之间的关系直接影响职业教育的目标定位和发展方向。职业教育发展历程中存在着实用主义与自由主义两种教育价值取向失衡的多重困境,即职业教育理念中就业导向与生涯导向分离、职业教育目标在技能培养和全人教育之间徘徊、职业教育的过渡性学制和终结性学制抉择,而导致职业教育价值失衡的根源在于社会存在着系统性偏见所塑造的认知陷阱。职业教育价值失衡的调适,需要构筑教育评价的动态反馈机制,促进多样化教育理念调和;构建开放协作的育人共同体,促进多元化教育目标整合;构建纵横交错的现代职业教育体系,促进多类型学制融合,以重塑价值平衡的职业教育生态。

The value orientations of education based on pragmatism and liberalism provide two different development paths for vocational education,and the relationship between them directly affects the goal orientation and development direction of vocational education.In the course of the development of vocational education,there are multiple dilemmas of the imbalance of the value orientations of education based on pragmatism and liberalism,namely,the separation of employment-oriented and career-oriented in the concept of vocational education,the torn between skill cultivation and the whole-person education in the goal of vocational education,and the choice between transitional and terminal academic system in vocational education,and the root of the vocational education value imbalance lies in the cognitive traps shaped by the systematic bias in the society.The adjustment of the vocational education value imbalance requires the construction of a dynamic feedback mechanism of educational evaluation to promote the reconciliation of diverse educational concepts;the construction of an open and collaborative community of parenting to promote the integration of diversified educational goals;and the construction of a crisscrossed modern vocational education system to promote the integration of multiple types of academic systems,in order to reshape the value-balanced ecology of vocational education.