技能型人才培养的价值意蕴、域外经验与发展对策

The Value Implication,Extraterritorial Experiences and Development Countermeasures of the Cultivation of Skilled Talents

作为衔接学校教育与社会生产的关键要素,技能型人才是建成教育强国的基础支撑、实现高质量发展的人才基础、联通学校与社会的技能桥梁,具有耦合教育与生产的育人功能。梳理域外经验发现,技能型人才的培养正经历三个重要转向:从寻求外在认可转向追求内在质量,从关注教育投入转向注重结果产出,从加强政策引导转向落实组织协同。我国技能型人才培养过程中,仍面临着学校“就业难”与企业“招工难”并存的结构性就业矛盾、人才培养观与人才使用观的异步问题、多元主体参与办学的合力不足等困境。当前我国技能型人才培养还需坚持质量为要,优化技能型人才培养的供给侧结构改革方案;树立结果导向,完善技能型人才培养的全过程质量保障体系;鼓励多元参与,健全技能型人才培养的办学共同体。

As a key element linking school education and social production,high-quality skilled talents support building a leading country in education.Its value implies that it is the talents foundation of realizing high-quality development,the skills bridge of connecting school and society,and the educative function of coupling education and production.Combing through extraterritorial experiences,the cultivation of skilled talents is experiencing three important turns:pursuing internal quality instead of seeking external recognition,focusing on educational outcomes rather than resource inputs,and strengthening organizational coordination instead of requiring policy adherence.In the process of cultivation of skilled talents,three hurdles should be heaved:structural employment contradiction,asynchronous skilled talent supply and demand,and decoupling stakeholders in governance.In the future,the cultivation of skilled talents in China needs to prioritize quality and optimize supply-side reforms in skills training,establish result-based management and improve quality assurance systems,encourage diverse participation and improve cooperative coordination.