甲基苯丙胺相关肾损害的机制与治疗研究进展

Research progress on mechanism and treatment of methamphetamine-related kidney injury

甲基苯丙胺是一种高度成瘾性的拟交感神经制剂,主要在肝脏代谢并通过肾脏排出体外。甲基苯丙胺除具有神经毒性作用外,还可导致急性肾功能衰竭和慢性肾功能不全,其机制包括肾血管损伤、高热、电解质紊乱、非创伤性横纹肌溶解和直接肾毒性等。甲基苯丙胺相关肾损害的初期症状不明显,待确诊时往往已经出现了肾脏器质性改变。因此,早期评估和干预是降低甲基苯丙胺相关肾损害的关键。本文综述了甲基苯丙胺相关肾损害的作用机制与治疗研究进展。

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive sympathomimetic agent that is metabolized primarily in the liver and excreted through the kidneys.In addition to neurotoxic effects,methamphetamine can also lead to acute renal failure and chronic renal insufficiency through mechanisms including renal vascular injury,hyperthermia,electrolyte disturbance,non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis,and direct renal toxicity,etc.The initial symptoms of methamphetamine-related kidney injury are not obvious,and by the time when it is diagnosed,changes in the kidneys are often already present.Therefore,early assessment and intervention are key to reducing methamphetamine-related kidney injury.This article reviewed the research progress on the mechanism and treatment of methamphetamine-related kidney injury.