金融服务实体经济效率测度及影响因素研究

Research on the Efficiency Measurement and Influencing Factors of Financial Services to the Real Economy

本文利用2000—2022年全国31个省(市、自治区)的数据,运用Malmquist指数测度了我国金融服务实体经济的效率及变化情况,并进一步运用GMM估计方法分析了银行业垄断程度、直接融资比重、普惠金融发展水平、实体经济产业结构、劳动力素质和外贸出口水平对金融服务实体经济效率的影响作用及效果。结果表明,受技术进步驱动,2000—2022年间我国金融服务实体经济效率整体呈上升趋势;这一效率受银行业垄断程度、直接融资比重等上述因素影响,其中除银行业垄断程度对金融服务实体经济效率存在负向影响外,其他因素均为正向影响,且以上影响在东部、中部、西部和东北地区存在异质性。据此,本文提出持续深化区域性金融供给侧改革;扩大股权债券融资规模,提高直接融资比重;鼓励中小银行发展,促进银行业内良性竞争等建议。

This paper utilizes data from 31 provinces across China from 2000 to 2022,employing the Malmquist index to measure the efficiency and changes in financial services to the real economy.Additionally,the GMM estimation method is used to analyze the impact of factors such as the degree of monopoly in the banking industry,the proportion of direct financing,the development level of inclusive finance,the industrial structure of the real economy,the quality of the labor force,and the level of foreign trade exports on the efficiency of financial services to the real economy.The results indicate that driven by technological progress,the technical efficiency of financial services to the real economy in China has shown an overall upward trend from 2000 to 2022.The efficiency is influenced by factors including the degree of monopoly in the banking industry,the proportion of direct financing,the development level of inclusive finance,the industrial structure of the real economy,the quality of the labor force,and the level of foreign trade exports.Among these,the degree of monopoly in the banking industry has a negative impact on the efficiency of financial services to the real economy,while the other factors have positive impacts.Furthermore,these influences exhibit heterogeneity across the eastern,central,western,and northeastern regions.The paper suggests the need for continuous deepening of regional financial supply-side reforms,expanding the scale of equity and bond financing to increase the proportion of direct financing,and encouraging the development of small and medium-sized banks to promote healthy competition within the banking industry.