检察机关在生态环境损害赔偿制度中的角色定位研究

Research on the role of the procuratorate in the ecological environmental damage compensation system

在生态环境损害赔偿制度中,检察机关基于其特殊的功能定位,既可以以原告身份提起环境行政公益诉讼,监督作为赔偿权利人的行政机关索赔;也可以以支持起诉的方式参与生态环境损害赔偿诉讼,发挥其他主体不具备的职能优势。当前,由于检察机关支持起诉与法律监督的适用边界缺乏明确具体的规范依据,导致检察机关在司法实践中面临角色困境。生态环境损害赔偿是一种新型行政执法方式。从协商行政理论出发,作为监督机关的检察机关,只有在行政机关穷尽行政手段索赔无效的情况下,才能启动支持起诉程序;检察机关亦可适时提起环境行政公益诉讼,以诉讼方式对赔偿权利人依法履职进行监督。结合我国生态环境损害赔偿制度实施现状,对检察机关依法履职的依据和路径进行细化考量,可以进一步强化检察机关的法律监督职能,促进实现人与自然和谐共生的“中国式现代化”。

In the ecological environment damage compensation system,based on its special functional positioning,the procuratorate can file environmental administrative public interest litigation as a plaintiff to supervise the compensation claim of the administrative agency as the compensation right holder;it can also participate in the ecological environment damage compensation litigation by supporting the prosecution,giving play to the functional advantages that other subjects do not have.At present,due to the lack of clear and specific normative basis for the applicable boundaries between the procuratorate’s support for prosecution and legal supervision,the procuratorate faces a role dilemma in judicial practice.Ecological environment damage compensation is a new type of administrative law enforcement method.Based on the theory of deliberative administration,as a supervisory agency,the procuratorate can only initiate the support prosecution procedure when the administrative agency has exhausted administrative means to claim compensation and is ineffective;the procuratorate can also file environmental administrative public interest litigation at an appropriate time to supervise the compensation right holder’s performance of duties in accordance with the law by means of litigation.Combined with the current implementation status of China’s ecological environment damage compensation system,a detailed consideration of the basis and path for the procuratorate to perform its duties in accordance with the law can further strengthen the procuratorate’s legal supervision function and promote the realization of“Chinese-style modernization”of harmonious coexistence between human and nature.