农业转移人口县域市民化的逻辑嬗变、主要类型及推进路径

The Logical Transmutation, Main Types and Promotion Pathsof County-level Urbanization of Agricultural Transfer Population

随着以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设持续推进,农业转移人口就近城镇化趋势日渐明显。推进农业转移人口县域市民化成为优化我国城镇规模结构、促进城镇体系协调发展,进而加快新型城镇化建设的重大目标任务。在各项战略政策实施见效、科学技术日益发展等方面的综合影响下,农业转移人口在县域的市民化逻辑发生了嬗变:空间层面上由单向流动转变为“城乡两栖”,职业层面上不再需要完全脱离农业,身份层面上城镇户籍的吸引力不断下降,观念层面上随时随地都能学习现代化生活方式等。空间、职业、身份和观念四个方面的传统定义不再适用于县域市民化,农民的收入成为其是否市民化更为科学的判断标准。当下农业转移人口县域市民化主要有产业城镇化、教育城镇化和婚姻城镇化等多种路径,产业城镇化路径下的县域市民化相较于其他两种更易获得成功。推进农业转移人口县域市民化还应主要致力于提高农业人口的收入、降低他们的生活支出,并立足县域实情大力发展产业。

With the continuous promotion of urbanization construction with county towns as an important carrier,the trend of urbanization of agricultural transfer population nearby is becoming increasingly evident.Promoting the urbanization of agricultural transfer population in counties has become a major goal and task to optimize the scale and structure of urban areas in China,promote coordinated development of the urban system,and accelerate the construction of new urbanization.Under the comprehensive influence of the effective implementation of various strategic policies and the growing development of science and technology,the logic of the citizenization of agricultural transfer population in the county has changed:from one-way flow to“urban and rural amphibious”in the spatial level,there is no need to completely separate from agriculture in the professional level,the attractiveness of urban registered residence registration in the identity level is declining,and the concept level can learn modern lifestyle anytime and anywhere.The traditional definitions of space,occupation,identity,and ideology are no longer applicable to county-level urbanization,and farmers’income has become a more scientific criterion for judging whether they are urbanized.At present,the urbanization of rural migrant population in counties mainly includes industrial urbanization,educational urbanization,and marriage urbanization.Under the industrial urbanization path,county-level urbanization is more likely to succeed compared to the other two.In summary,promoting the urbanization of agricultural transfer population in counties should mainly focus on increasing the income of agricultural population,reducing their living expenses,and vigorously developing industries based on the actual situation in the county.