摘要
卡纳克人是法属新喀里多尼亚地区的原住民,他们是一个独特的族群,其文化的特殊性在文学领域有着充分的体现。考察当代新喀里多尼亚文学中的卡纳克问题,需要从族群、语言与文学表达三个层面进行。在殖民时期,卡纳克人被压迫,其文化被忽视,在二战后的独立运动中,作为一个族群的卡纳克人逐渐形成;卡纳克人所使用的口语复杂多样,这些语言借由拉丁字母逐渐得到了书面化。在当代,随着卡纳克人在政治、教育等领域获得了更多权利,卡纳克人逐渐从写作的客体变成了写作的主体,卡纳克语言也参与到写作之中,并形成了一种“多语混杂”的现象。当代卡纳克人的写作超越了身份议题,并在“克里奥尔化”之外提供了一种可能的文化混血的途径。
The Kanaks,the first inhabitants of New Caledonia,constitute a distinct ethnic group whose cultural specificity is well reflected in the literary domain.An examination of the issues facing the Kanak people in contemporary New Caledonian literature requires a triple approach at the level of ethnicity,language,and literary expression.Oppressed and culturally neglected during the colonial period,the Kanak people saw their nationalist identity evolve during the independence movement after the Second World War;they speak complex and varied oral languages,which are written using the Latin alphabet.In contemporary times,as Kanaks acquire rights in political,educational,and other fields,they have gradually moved from the status of object to subject of writing,and as the Kanak languages have been used in writing,a hybridity of language has been created.Their writing transcends the problem of identity and offers a possible path of cultural hybridization beyond“creolization”.
