浅埋滴灌水氮配施对冬小麦生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen application on winter wheat growth,yield,and water use efficiency under shallow buried drip irrigation

【目的】研究滴灌带浅埋、水氮配施对冬小麦生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】试验为完全区组设计,设置3个因素:覆土深度(0和5 cm)、灌水量(270、315和360 mm)、施氮量(195、255和315 kg/hm^(2))。【结果】在浅埋滴灌(5 cm)下,灌溉定额为315 mm、施氮量255 kg/hm^(2)时,冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及氮肥偏生产力提升最明显。浅埋滴灌使冬小麦株高和叶面积指数分别提高5.58%和16.77%,产量、水分利用效率与氮肥偏生产力分别显著提高8.32%、8.20%和8.16%。浅埋滴灌较不覆土滴灌(0 cm)处理净收益平均增收1092元/hm^(2),浅埋滴灌下灌水315 mm、施氮255 kg/hm^(2)净收益最高(10883元/hm^(2))。【结论】冬小麦较优的灌溉施肥方案为浅埋滴灌灌水315 mm,施氮255 kg/hm^(2)。

【Objective】This project aims to discuss the effects of shallow burial drip irrigation belt,irrigation and nitrogen application on the growth,yield and water use of winter wheat.【Methods】In this study,three factors were set up:soil depth(0 and 5 cm),irrigation amount(270,315 and 360 mm),and nitrogen application(195,255 and 315 kg/hm^(2)).【Results】The results showed that,when the irrigation quota was 315 mm and the nitrogen application rate was 255 kg/hm^(2),the yield,irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity increased most obviously.Shallow buried drip irrigation increased the plant height and leaf area index of winter wheat by 5.58%and 16.77%,respectively,and the yield,irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity significantly increased by 8.32%,8.20%and 8.16%,respectively.The net income of shallow buried drip irrigation increased by 1,092 yuan per hectare on average compared with that of no soil cover drip irrigation(0 cm).The net income of shallow buried drip irrigation with 315 mm of water and 255 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen was the highest,(10,883 yuan/hm^(2)).【Conclusion】The best irrigation and fertilization schemes are as follows:315 mm of irrigation water and 255 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen under shallow drip irrigation.