不同地面覆盖方式对酿酒葡萄品种马瑟兰果实品质的影响及综合评价

Effects of different ground mulch types on the berry quality of Marselan wine grape and comprehensive evaluation

【目的】研究不同地面覆盖方式对酿酒葡萄品种马瑟兰果实品质的影响。【方法】以5年生SO4砧木嫁接的酿酒葡萄品种马瑟兰为试材,以清耕栽培为对照,研究行间铺设园艺地布(BGM)和生草栽培(GM)2种地面覆盖方式对马瑟兰果实品质的影响。【结果】园艺地布和生草栽培均可以提高葡萄果穗质量、果粒质量和果粒纵横径。园艺地布的葡萄萎蔫率最高为5.45%,出汁率最低为32.89%,生草栽培未出现葡萄萎蔫现象,其出汁率显著高于对照。园艺地布降低了葡萄果实可溶性固形物和还原糖含量,生草栽培提高了葡萄可溶性固形物和还原糖含量。园艺地布和生草栽培均可降低葡萄果实可滴定酸和pH值,提高糖酸比。园艺地布和生草均显著提高了葡萄果皮总酚、类黄酮、黄烷醇和单宁含量,虽然园艺地布和生草改变了葡萄花色苷含量,但和对照间均无差异性。2种地面覆盖方式可提高葡萄果皮FRAP和ABTS的抗氧化活性,但显著降低了DPPH的抗氧化活性。26个葡萄品质指标之间存在不同程度的极显著获显著性正相关或负相关,相关系数介于-1.00~+1.00。【结论】在新疆吐鲁番市可选择生草栽培作为酿酒葡萄优质栽培新模式。

【Objective】To study the effects of different ground mulching types on the berry quality of wine grape Marselan.【Methods】Five-year old grafted Marselan/SO4 was taken as test materials,clean tillage one as the control to study the effects of inter-row spaces of the vineyard covered with black geotextiles(BGM)and inter-row spaces of the vineyard with natural growing grass(GM)on Marselan grape quality.【Results】The results showed that cluster weight,berry weight,longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter were increased by ground mulch.Wilting percent of BGM was the highest,with 5.45%,juice yield was the lowest(32.89%),there was no wilting percent for GM,juice yield was significant higher for GM than CK.Soluble solid and reducing sugar content were decreased for BGM and increased fur GM.BGM and GM decreased titratable acid and pH,but increased sugar/acid.Total phenol,flavonoids,flavanols and tannins content in fruit peel were significantly increased for BGM and GM,anthocyanins content in peel were changed,but there was no difference.FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activity for BGM and GM were increased,but DPPH antioxidant activity for BGM and GM were significantly decreased.The correlation analysis of 26 berry quality indexes showed that there were significant positive or negative correlations,with correlation coefficients ranging from-1.00 to+1.00.【Conclusion】In turpan,grass mulch can be selected as a new model of wine grape cultivation.