多元嵌入乡村振兴:少数民族务工人员返乡创业社会支持体系构建

Multi-Embedding in Rural Revitalization:Construction of the Social Support System for Ethnic Migrant Workers Returning to Their Hometowns for Entrepreneurship

少数民族务工人员的返乡回流,对于乡村振兴具有一定的推动作用。作为一种经济行为,该群体的返乡创业具有明显的社会嵌入特征,其创业行为包括创业意愿、创业决策、创业激情和创业模式在内,深受既有政策、文化环境及社会关系结构的影响。在此基础上,需要有针对性地构建一套更为全面的少数民族务工人员返乡创业的社会支持系统:以政府为供给主体的正式社会支持,以乡村社区为供给主体的准正式社会支持和以社会组织、家庭亲友等社会关系网络为供给主体的非正式社会支持。这三种社会支持各有所长,缺一不可,共同构成一套以多元主体协同推进为特色的少数民族务工人员返乡创业的社会支持体系。在此社会支持体系的助推下,少数民族务工人员的返乡创业之路更为顺畅,民族地区乡村产业振兴更具蓬勃发展之机。

Entrepreneurship among ethnic migrant workers returning to their hometowns is inherently influenced by various social factors.As an economic behavior,their entrepreneurial behavior,including their willingness,decision-mak-ing,passion,and role models,is deeply impacted by policies,social and cultural environments,and the structure of social relationships.In light of these factors,it becomes essential to establish a more comprehensive social support system for ethnic migrant workers who wish to return home and start a business.This system should encompass formal support from the government,semi-formal support from rural communities,and informal support from social networks,including social organizations,family,relatives,and friends,among others.These three forms of social support each possess unique strengths and together constitute a social support system characterized by the coordinated efforts of multiple stakeholders.This system plays a vital role in facilitating entrepreneurship among ethnic migrant workers in their hometowns.With the support of this social support system,the road to returning home for entrepreneurship for minority workers has become easier,and the revitalization of industries in ethnic rural areas has more opportunities for vigorous development.