水环境微塑料污染现状及处置技术研究进展

Research Progress of Pollution Status and Disposal Technology for Microplastics in Water Environment

微塑料具有粒径小、比表面积大和疏水性强等特点,在水体环境中分布广泛、难以被降解,并且能够作为其他有毒污染物的载体,进一步增强了微塑料的危害性。深入研究微塑料的危害及其分析、处理途径是有效控制微塑料污染的关键。针对水环境微塑料污染这一热点问题,文章介绍了水环境中微塑料的污染现状和生物效应,阐述了微塑料的分析鉴定方法,分析了水体微塑料常规和新兴去除技术的优势及潜在问题。并进一步探讨了未来水环境中微塑料研究的前景,为水环境中微塑料的去除与污染控制研究提供参考与指导。

Microplastics,characterized by their small particle size,large surface area,and strong hydrophobic properties,are widely distributed in aquatic environments and are challenging to degrade.Additionally,they can act as carriers for other toxic pollutants,further enhancing the hazardous nature of microplastics.It is essential conduct a thorough investigation into the hazards of microplastics and the methods for analyzing and disposing of them in order to effectively control microplastic pollution.Focusing on the hot issue of microplastic pollution in water environment,this paper introduces the current pollution status and biological effects of microplastics in the aquatic environment,elaborates the analysis and identification methods of microplastics,and analyzes the advantages and potential problems of conventional and emerging removal technologies for microplastics in water bodies.The prospects of future microplastic research in water environments are further discussed in order to provide reference and guidance for the removal and pollution control of microplastics in water environments.