从“战士”到“文士”——论高适、岑参之边塞身份的认同与转变

From Soldier to Scholar-Identification and Transformation of Gao Shi and Cen Shen’s Role of Frontier Poets

戎马风尘的边塞生活和雄浑悲壮的塞外书写共同构建了高适、岑参的边塞诗人身份,因而诸家论及高适、岑参也多集中于出塞经历,偏重于二人边塞文人身份,认为“功名只向马上取”是其志向所在。他们在拓边戍守中渴望寻求建功立业的机会,也在人民痛苦不幸的遭际中开始对定边安民有了新的思考。高适诗作中有“激昂仰鹓鹭,献替欣盐梅”之语,岑参也常有“圣朝无阙事,自觉谏书稀”之论。结合二人“谏臣”经历我们不难发现,他们不只将入幕从戎、立功疆场当作唯一的报国之路,也希望谏言立策来解除国家边患,拯民济世。从“战士”向“文士”,造成这一身份认同转变的原因是多方面的,探究其背后成因对以高适、岑参为代表的边塞文人的研究与其诗歌创作尤为重要。

The rich frontier life and the description of frontier life together construct the identity of the frontier poets of Gao Shi and Cen Shen.Therefore,when people talk about Gao Shi and Cen Shen,they also focus on their expe-riences as ambassadors,and attach more importance to their identity as border writers,believing that their ideal is to make contributions in the border areas.However,after careful reading of Gao Shi and Cen shen’s poems,it is found that both Gao Shi and Cen shen had the ambition of exhorting Kings.Combined with the experience of their assisting the king,it is not difficult to find that they not only regard the border as the only way to serve the country,but also hope to relieve the border trouble of the country and save people by putting forward suggestions to the monarch.There are many reasons for the transformation of identity from soldier to scholar,and it is also important to explore the reasons behind it for the research and poetry creation of frontier poets represented by Gao Shi and Cen Shen.