分析、布局、优化——图论在建筑策划研究中的应用前景

Analysis,Configuration,and Optimisation:Prospects of Graph Theory Applied in Architectural Programming

建筑策划是根据总体规划对建筑本身的规模、性质、容量、性格等影响设计和使用的诸因素做深入的调查、研究、归纳分析,从而得出定性定量的结论和数据的过程,能够有效提升设计成果的合理性。但此前由于技术应用的局限,建筑策划依据进行推理的数据往往只能凭经验整合,成果的系统性有待提升。功能气泡图能够简明地用于空间布局的推敲和表达,一直是建筑策划的重要成果形式。基于图论的智能技术的发展带来了策划所用多源数据建立可解释关联的可能性,从而可以全流程地提升策划的科学水平。本文基于相关领域的前沿研究,梳理了当前可用以表示建筑策划所用多种信息的28种图表示类型,以及可在建筑策划分析、布局、优化不同环节融合图论方法提升策划效果的14个切入点。最后,对融合图论建立智能策划理论体系的优势和局限进行了述评,对融合图论的智能建筑策划框架进行展望。

Architectural programming involves an in-depth investigation,research,and analytical synthesis of various factors influencing the design and usage of a building,such as its scale,type,capacity,and character.This process aims to derive both qualitative and quantitative conclusions and data,significantly enhancing the rationality of design outcomes.However,due to technological limitations in the past,the data used for reasoning in architectural programming was often integrated based on experience,and the systematic nature of the outcomes needs improvement.The functional bubble diagram,which succinctly facilitate the scrutiny and expression of spatial layouts,has always been a crucial form of outcome in architectural programming.The development of graph theorybased intelligent technologies now allows for the establishment of interpretable connections with multisource data used in programming,thereby scientifically enhancing the programming process throughout all stages.This paper reviews 28 types of graph representations currently available for depicting various information used in architectural programming,and 14 steps that can combine graph theory methods to enhance programming in analysis,configuration,and optimisation stages.Finally,it discusses the advantages and limitations of integrating graph theory and provides an outlook on the framework of intelligent architectural programming.