论智利南极立法的发展与完善——以第21255号法律为例

Development and improvement of Chilean Antarctic legislation-Focusing on Law No.21255

地理空间的邻近和对南极的领土主张,使得智利一直把南极定义为国家的核心利益之一,并促使智利在南极事务中发挥着举足轻重的作用。在不同的历史时期,智利一直将南极立法视为维护本国南极权益与应对形势变化的重要手段,逐步建立起以“南极领土”管理为基本框架,依据国家南极政策目标的调整与南极条约体系的发展而不断完善的南极法律制度,其中2021年生效的第21255号法律作为与时俱进的典型代表,对我国南极立法具有一定启示意义。

Antarctica has always been one of Chile’s core national interests because of its relative geographic proximity and territorial claims to Antarctica which prompts Chile to play an important role in Antarctic affairs.Chile has always regarded Antarctic legislation as a significant means to safeguard its Antarctic rights and interests and respond to the changes of situation in different historical periods.It has established a developed and improved legal system which take“Antarctic territory”management as the basic framework and based on the adjustment of Antarctic policy objectives and development of the Antarctic Treaty System.The Law No.21255 which has taken effect in 2021,is the typical representative of keeping pace with the times that has certain enlightenment significance for China’s Antarctic legislation.