全国统一大市场建设背景下平台数据垄断的成因分析及行业规制路径创新

Innovative Path of Regulating Platform Data Monopoly Under the Background of National Unified Market Construction

建设全国统一大市场是构建新发展格局的基础支撑和内在要求。数据作为新型生产要素,激活数据要素潜能有助于增强经济发展新动能,构筑国家竞争新优势,破除平台数据垄断是一个紧迫课题。反垄断有适用门槛高、救济效果滞后的缺陷,对用户赋予数据可携带权有共享数据有限、效果不足的缺陷。基于这些缺陷,对超级平台专设规制措施可以作为第三条路径,即为超级平台施加应保障特定数据可携带之特殊义务。推动反垄断路径、用户赋权路径和超级平台特殊规制路径三轨并行,实现对数据垄断的事前、事中和事后全链条治理。

Creating a unified national market is the fundamental support and intrinsic requirement for building a new development pattern.Data is a new production factor,and activating the potential value of data,helps to enhance new drivers of economic development,and build new competitive advantages for the country.It is urgent to break data monopoly of platforms.But the approach of antitrust regulation has some drawbacks,including restricted application conditions and delayed enforcement effects.The approach of granting users the right to data portability has shortcomings of limited data sharing and insufficient enforcement effects.So we need a third approach to deal with the problem of data monopoly of platforms.This article suggests that we need introduce sector regulation measures to impose competitive obligations on super platforms to ensure data portability and interoperability,to make up for the shortcomings of antitrust regulation approach and data portability approach,to realize the full-chain regulation of data monopoly,including ex-ante regulation,regulation in process and afterwards.