从王阳明到林语堂——闽派性灵文学观的形成与发展

From Wang Yangming to Lin Yutang——The Formation and Development of Min School's View of Spiritual Literature

王阳明在揭示良知学说的基础上,倡导性灵文学观,将传统诗文感物说理论“心”“物”并重的观点,转向以“心”为主导地位的诗文创作审美体验,并践行于诗文创作中;同时还强调创作者要有超脱凡俗、淡然自适的了悟致知境界,诗文创作应具备快适自我、抒发真性情、寓教于乐的功能。王阳明性灵文学观影响了闽地阳明后学郑善夫、李贽以及现代性灵文学大师林语堂等人的诗文审美追求,使得闽地阳明后学一脉的文学书写逐渐呈现性灵、闲适与幽默的风格特征,推动闽派性灵文学的繁荣与发展。阳明心学及其所倡导的性灵文学,对闽派性灵文学观的形成与发展,有着不可掩抑的作用。

On the basis of revealing the theory of conscience,Wang Yangming advocated the concept of spiritual literature,and turned the traditional theory of feeling things in poetry from the viewpoint of paying equal attention to "heart" and "things" to the aesthetic experience of poetry creation with "heart" as the leading position,and practiced it in poetry creation;At the same time,it also emphasizes that creators should have the realm of transcendence,indifference and self-adaptation,and poetry creation should have the functions of adapting themselves quickly,expressing true temperament and entertaining.Wang Yangming's view of spiritual literature has influenced the aesthetic pursuit of poetry and prose of Zheng Shanfu,Li Zhi and Lin Yutang,a master of modern spiritual literature,which makes the literary writing of Yangming's post-learning in Fujian gradually show the style characteristics of spirituality,leisure and humorousness,and promotes the prosperity and development of spiritual literature of Fujian School.Yang Ming's theory of mind and the spiritual literature advocated by Yang Ming play an irrepressible role in the formation and development of Min School's spiritual literature view.