儿童视角下的入园适应——基于马赛克方法的调查研究

The Adaptation to Kindergarten from the Children's Perspective:An Investigation Based on the Mosaic Method

儿童视角下的入园适应研究有助于更好地理解儿童在适应过程中的感受和体会,进而指导教师更好地支持和帮助幼儿适应园所生活。本研究以儿童视角,运用马赛克方法中的儿童会议、角色扮演和拍照之旅等工具与幼儿一同探究其入园适应中的多重情绪情感体验及其调节、新人际关系的感知与建构、环境和活动的探索与适应以及规则的学习与适应,发现幼儿在意识层面对入园处于喜欢和抗拒交织的状态,但在潜意识层面具有适应入园的能动性。因而教师应接纳与共情适应期的幼儿,共同直面和化解其情绪情感冲突;营造友好且愉悦的班级氛围,鼓励幼儿建立良好的人际关系;创设有邀请感且丰盈的环境及活动,吸引幼儿积极融入与适应;提供有温度且适宜的支持,转化幼儿的规则理解与执行。

Research on kindergarten adaptation from children's perspectives contributes to understanding children's feelings and experiences during the adaptation process,thereby guiding teachers to more effectively support and assist children in adjusting to kindergarten life.Based on children's perspectives,we employs tools from the Mosaic approach such as children conferencing,role-playing,and trip of photo to explore children's multifaceted emotional experiences and regulation,the perception and construction of new interpersonal relationships,the exploration and adaptation to the environment and activities,and the learning and adaptation to the kindergarten rules.We found that while primary class children may consciously exhibit a mix of likes and resistance,they subconsciously adapt to kindergarten dynamically.Therefore,teachers should accept and empathize with children during the adaptation period,face and resolve emotional conflicts together;create a friendly and pleasant kindergarten atmosphere,encourage children to establish interpersonal relationships;establish inviting and enriching environments or activities to attract children to actively integrate and adapt,as well as provide warm and appropriate support to facilitate children's understanding and implementation of rules.