特大型博物馆建筑火灾场景模拟及消防安全性分析研究

Research on Scene Simulation and Fire Safety Analysis of Large-Scale Museum Building

特大型博物馆建筑作为综合性和专业性很强的建筑类型,在设计过程中需综合考虑的因素颇多,消防工程便是其中之一。根据其使用功能和空间布局等特性,设计中往往存在现行规范未涵盖或允许适当扩大、或需采用新技术的问题。因此,须进行特殊消防设计并加以论证。在火灾发生时,应全面考虑文物存储与保护、观众安全与疏散、设备控制与损失,降低运行干扰等情形。为保证设计的科学性和可行性,进行火灾场景模拟和消防安全性分析是必要且重要的。本文以故宫博物院北院区项目为例,详细阐述了火灾模拟与消防安全性分析的技术路线,主要包括火灾设计、火灾场景设置、疏散场景设置、人员疏散模拟分析、烟气模拟分析及安全性判定等内容。通过项目研究可为同类型建筑的此类问题提供技术路线参考。

The design type of large-scale museum buildings is comprehensive and professional building,therefore numerous factors must be considered.Fire protection engineering is a crucial component of this design process.Given the unique usage function and spatial demands,current specifications may prove inadequate or unable to accommodate evolving technologies.Therefore,specialized fire protection designs must be developed and demonstrated.In the event of a fire,it is essential to fully consider the storage and protection of cultural relics,audience safety and evacuation,equipment control and preservation,and minimizing operational disruption.To ensure the scientific validity and feasibility of the design,it is necessary to conduct fire scene simulation and fire safety analysis.Taking the project in the North Branch of the Palace Museum as a case study,this paper elaborates on the technical process of fire scene simulation and fire safety analysis.The Topics covered in the paper include:fire design,establishing the fire scene,setting evacuation scenarios,conducting evacuation simulation analysis,simulating smoke dispersion,and making safety assessments,which can provide a technical reference for similar types of building design.