民族和谐视阈下的族群边界与社会融通——以云南边境苗族村寨的“祭门猪”为例

Ethnic Borders and Social Integration in the Context of Ethnic Harmony:A Case Study of “Pig Sacrifice” in Miao Villages at the Yunnan Border

苗族特有的围绕献祭为核心的“祭门猪”仪式,是在其深厚的文化积淀中,建构出的独特秩序结构与象征观念,并自始至终保持一种较为完整的连续性得以延续。仪式献祭中的“猪”为人与超自然力量的对话搭建了桥梁,并从象征意义上强化了族群结构,是保持社会凝聚力和平衡方面不可缺少的组成部分。而仪式的展现则是对资源的再分配过程,是对社会秩序的重复强调,也是对多民族融合的强化,并在仪式演变中跨越传统仪式功能,实现多民族和谐关系的建构。

The Miao’s unique ritual of “Pig Sacrifice” is a unique structure of order and symbolic concept built on their profound cultural accumulation,which has been continued with a relatively complete continuity from the beginning to the end.The “pig” in the ritual sacrifice builds a bridge between human and supernatural forces,and symbolically strengthens the community structure,which is an indispensable component in maintaining social cohesion and balance.The presentation of the ritual is a process of redistribution of resources,a repetition of the social order,and a strengthening of multi-ethnic integration,and in the evolution of the ritual,it crosses the traditional ritual function to realize the construction of multi-ethnic harmonious relations.