关于医疗告知义务侵权规则的研究

Research on Tort Rules of Medical Notification Obligation

随着患者对知情同意权行使意识的不断增强,医方在医疗诊治过程中常常因为是否履行医疗告知义务而产生侵权纠纷。在医疗侵权纠纷中,由于目前法律规定的不甚明确,医疗告知义务下的责任承担仍存在争议。笔者在对医疗告知义务的基础理论和法律规定及变化进行梳理后,对《中华人民共和国民法典》第1219条和1220条中的明确说明病情和医疗措施的履行规则、不宜向患者说明时的告知规则以及紧急情况下医疗告知义务的例外规则进行探讨,期望能在司法实践中为医疗纠纷提供审判思路。

With the enhancement of patients’awareness of exercising informed consent,doctors often have tort disputes in the process of medical treatment because of the obligation of medical notification.In the dispute of medical tort,the liability under the obligation of medical notification is still controversial because of the unclear legal provisions.After sorting out the basic theory of the obligation of medical notification and the legal provisions and changes of the obligation of medical notification,the author discusses the implementation rules for clearly stating the condition and medical measures in Articles 1219 and 1220 of the Civil Code,the notification rules when it is not appropriate to explain to patients,and the exception rules for the obligation of medical notification in emergency situations.It is expected to provide trial ideas for medical disputes in judicial practice.