市政污泥生物炭在废水吸附处理中的应用

Application of municipal sludge biochar in wastewater adsorption treatment

随着经济全球化的飞速发展,城市污水处理中排放的污泥量日益增加,预计到2025年中国市政污泥年产量将>9.0×10^(7) t。市政污泥中含有的病原微生物、有机物及重金属,会对环境和人体健康造成严重危害。污泥衍生的生物炭材料因其较大的比表面积、优良的孔结构以及丰富的含氧基团,被广泛应用于废水吸附处理领域,实现了固体废物再利用和去除污染的双重目的,做到以废治废,达到生态与发展的双赢。该文总结了市政污泥生物炭的制备及改性方法,介绍了吸附的影响因素,综述了市政污泥生物炭在吸附重金属、染料、无机盐、抗生素、酚类中的应用及其吸附机理;最后,指出了未来污泥生物炭的发展方向和需攻克的难题,应努力形成绿色低碳的资源化处理体系。

With the rapid development of economic globalization,the amount of sludge discharged from municipal wastewater treatment is increasing,and the annual production of municipal sludge is expected to exceed 9.0×10^(7) t by 2025 in China.The pathogenic microorganisms,organic matter and heavy metals contained in municipal sludge can cause serious harm to the environment and human health.Sludge-derived biochar materials have been widely used in wastewater treatment,achieving the dual purpose of solid waste reuse and pollutant removal due to their large specific surface area,abundant pore structure and rich oxygen-containing groups.In addition,a win-win situation between ecology and development by treating waste with waste can be obtained.In this review,the preparation and modification methods of municipal sludge biochar were summarized,followed by analysis and discussion on the influence factors on adsorption as well as the application and adsorption mechanism of municipal sludge biochar in adsorbing heavy metals,dyes,inorganic salts,antibiotics,and phenols.Finally,the future development and the problems to overcome were discussed,while green low-carbon resource treatment system was considered to be the key for sustainable development.