含亚乙烯基氢氟烯烃的研究进展

Research progress in vinylidene-bearing hydrofluoroolefins

对含亚乙烯基的氢氟烯烃(v-HFOs)的合成路线和应用进行了综述。目前,在氟-氯交换、异构化、脱卤化氢、选择性加氢、加氢脱氯、调聚等合成v-HFOs的主要路线中,氟-氯交换的路线具有起始原料易得、容易实现大规模生产的特点,是合成v-HFOs的最佳路线。v-HFOs特殊的分子结构使其具有优异的传热性能、清洁性能、发泡性能和刻蚀性能,主要用作制冷剂、热泵工质、清洗剂、发泡剂和刻蚀剂,特别是E型v-HFOs[(E)-v-HFOs]具有优异的电绝缘性能,分别与其优良的传热性能和清洗性能进行多领域交叉,实现了(E)-v-HFOs应用于浸没式液冷和带电清洗的新场景。展望了v-HFOs的未来发展趋势,提出了今后的研究重点,应开发高活性的氟化催化剂,环保绿色的新型合成路线以及v-HFOs的新型应用。

Comprehensive synthesis routes and applications of vinylidene bearing hyfrofluoroolefins(v-HFOs) were reviewed.Currently,among the major routes for v-HFOs synthesis,such as fluorinechlorine exchange,isomerization,dehydrohalogenation,selective hydrogenation,hydrodechlorination,and telomerization,the fluorine-chlorine exchange route stands out as the best one due to its easy starting materials availability as well as large-scale production.The unique molecular structure of v-HFOs led to their excellent heat transfer properties,environmental friendliness,foamability,and etching performance,which made v-HFOs widely used as refrigerants,heat pump working fluids,cleaning agents,blowing agents,and etching agents.In particular,the outstanding electrical insulating properties of E-type v-HFOs [(E)-v-HFOs] in combination with their excellent heat transfer and cleaning performances,resulted in their application in new scenarios such as immersion liquid cooling and charged cleaning.The future development trends of v-HFOs were discussed,including the development of efficient fluorination catalysts,environmentally friendly and green synthetic routes,as well as exploring new applications for v-HFOs.