窟野河流域生态系统服务功能变化及其驱动因素分析

Analysis of Ecosystem Service Function Changes and Their Driving Factors in the Kuye River Basin

[目的]窟野河流域地处黄河流域重要补给段,是黄河中上游侵蚀最强烈的地区之一,其生态环境不仅影响自身的发展,还影响黄河下游的区域生态发展。[方法]为了对窟野河流域生态系统服务功能有更加全面的认识与理解,运行InVEST模型定量评估1990-2020年生态服务功能(碳储量、土壤保持、水源涵养、生境质量),并采用地理探测器分析其驱动因素。[结果](1)在土地管理政策的驱动下,建设用地的面积显著增加,未利用地的面积明显减少,主要土地类型以草地为主,植被覆盖度呈波动上升的趋势。(2)窟野河流域生态服务功能均表现出在2000年左右下降,2010年后波动升高,生境质量指数基本稳定在0.22~0.24,整体生境质量较差。(3)土壤保持和生境质量指数在流域内以低-低聚集的冷点分布为主,碳储量和水源涵养量冷点和热点的空间分布较为分散,高值和低值在空间上呈现交错分布。(4)近30年碳储量、生境质量主要受土地利用影响,土壤保持和水源涵养主要受地形、土壤类型和降水影响。[结论]研究结果可为窟野河流域生态服务综合效益的提升和水土保持措施的配置提供科学的依据。

[Objective]The ecological environment of the Kuye River Basin plays a critical role in the larger context of the Yellow River Basin’s health.Understanding the ecosystem services it provides is crucial for sustainable development.[Methods]Using the InVEST model,researchers conducted a quantitative assessment of ecosystem service functions from 1990 to 2020.[Results](1)There have been some notable changes in land management policy leading to shifts in land use patterns,particularly in construction land expansion and decreased unused land.Additionally,it seems like there’s been a positive impact on vegetation cover,with grassland dominating and overall vegetation coverage showing an upward trend,albeit with fluctuations.(2)The ecological service function of the Kuye River Basin showed a trend of first declining around 2000 and then fluctuating and increasing after 2010,and the habitat quality index was basically stable between 0.22~0.24,and the overall habitat quality was poor.(3)The soil conservation and habitat quality index in the watershed was dominated by the distribution of low-low aggregation cold spots,the spatial distribution of carbon storage and water conservation cold spots and hot spots was relatively scattered,and the high and low values were spatially staggered.The soil conservation and habitat quality index were mainly low-value aggregation,and the spatial distribution of carbon storage and water conservation was fragmented.(4)In the past 30 years,carbon storage and habitat quality were mainly affected by land use,and soil conservation and water conservation were mainly affected by topography,soil type and precipitation.[Conclusion]The findings of this study highlight the intricate interplay between land use,topography,soil type,precipitation,and their impacts on carbon storage,habitat quality,soil conservation,and water conservation in the Kuye River Basin.Understanding these dynamics is crucial for devising effective strategies to enhance ecological services and allocate appropriate soil and water conservation measures.