科技创新生态位、数字经济与科技型企业商业模式创新

Scientific and Technological Innovation Niche,Digital Economy and the Business Model Innovation of Technology-Based Enterprises

为揭示数字经济对商业模式创新的跨层次影响机制,基于商业模式创新理论与创新生态理论,构建数字经济和科技创新生态位对科技型企业商业模式创新的跨层次影响理论模型,以我国内地35个城市478家沪深两市A股高新技术上市企业为样本,采用多层线性模型进行实证检验。结果表明:数字经济对科技型企业商业模式创新具有显著正向影响;资源生态位的“态”和“势”属性、市场生态位的“态”和“势”属性对科技型企业商业模式创新具有显著正向影响;数字经济在资源生态位的“态”属性、市场生态位的“态”属性与科技型企业商业模式创新间发挥显著正向调节作用,在资源生态位的“势”属性、市场生态位的“势”属性与科技型企业商业模式创新间的调节作用不显著。结论可丰富商业模式创新前因研究,为数字经济时代科技型企业商业模式创新提供理论借鉴与实践指导。

The integration of emerging digital technologies has profoundly changed the ecological environment on which the survival of technology-based enterprises depends;therefore,technology-based enterprises need to rethink development directions and make breakthroughs in new channels.Against this backdrop,business model innovation becomes an important strategic approach to building and maintaining competitive advantages for technology-based enterprises.The digital economy has brought both opportunities and challenges to the business model innovation of technology-based enterprises,and it is necessary to deeply explore the effect of the digital economy on the business model innovation of enterprises.The scientific and technological innovation niche has a new connotation,and digital technologies can reshape the scientific and technological innovation niche by facilitating digital resource acquisition and scientific and technological output so as to facilitate the business model innovation of technology-based enterprises.It is helpful to better reveal the cross-level effect mechanism of the digital economy on the business model innovation of enterprises by introducing scientific and technological innovation niche into the relationship between the digital economy and the business model innovation of technology-based enterprises.Furthermore,any innovation covers at least two-level phenomena of innovation subject and environment;thus,the research perspective of the antecedents of business model innovation needs to be expanded to multiple levels.However,few studies have analyzed the relationship between the digital economy and the business model innovation of technology-based enterprises through empirical research and from a cross-level perspective,and studies that introduce scientific and technological innovation niche into the relationship are even rare.This paper constructs a theoretical model of the cross-level effect of digital economy,scientific and technological innovation niche on the business model innovation of technology-based enterprises based on business model innovation theory and innovation ecology theory,and then uses a multi-layer linear model to conduct an empirical test with 478 A-share high-tech listed enterprises from 35 cities in China as samples.The results show that,firstly,the digital economy has a significant positive effect on the business model innovation of technology-based enterprises.Secondly,the state attributes and the potential attributes of resource niche and market niche have significant positive effects on the business model innovation of technology-based enterprises.Thirdly,the digital economy plays a significant positive moderating role in the relationships among the state attribute of resource niche,the state attribute of market niche and the business model innovation of technology-based enterprises.The moderating effects of the digital economy on the relationships among the potential attribute of resource niche,the potential attribute of market niche and the business model innovation of technology-based enterprises are not significant.The theoretical contributions of this paper are twofold.Firstly,following the innovation ecology theory,this paper reveals the cross-level effect mechanism of digital economy,scientific and technological innovation niche on the business model innovation of technology-based enterprises,which not only plays a complementary role in the antecedent research on business model innovation but also further enriches the research on innovation ecology.Secondly,the empirical analysis based on the data of listed enterprises provides an empirical research basis for the in-depth explanation of the differences between the business model innovation effects of different types of enterprises against the backdrop of the digital economy and makes up for the lack of empirical support in this field.Thirdly,the multi-layer linear model is used to empirically test the interaction of regional-level factors and enterprise-level factors on business model innovation,which makes up for the deficiency of existing studies which mainly analyze the antecedents of business model innovation from a single perspective,and expands the method system in the field of the antecedent research of business model innovation.Therefore,the local governments should create a sound ecological environment for technology-based enterprises through constructing digital economy development system,establishing marketization mechanism for data elements,and strengthening digital infrastructure construction to guide them to occupy a dominant niche in innovation ecosystem,and actively carry out business model innovation;while technology-based enterprises should fully recognize the important role of scientific and technological innovation niche,clarify the different effects of different niche characteristics on business model innovation,give full play to niche advantages,avoid niche disadvantages,and achieve business model innovation.