鲜食玉米机械化收获技术装备现状及展望

Current status and prospects of mechanized harvesting technology and equipment for fresh corn

随着我国种植业结构的调整,鲜食玉米种植面积不断增加,但机械化收获率较低,鲜食玉米收获机械需求紧迫。结合我国鲜食玉米产业发展现状,阐述了国内外鲜食玉米机械化收获装备及技术研究现状,通过分析得出我国鲜食玉米机械化收获装备主要存在果穗破损率高、籽粒破碎率高、含杂率高等问题。为促进我国鲜食玉米机械化技术与装备快速发展,提出了我国鲜食玉米机械化收获技术研究应重点突破柔性摘穗、多风机负压除杂、柔性输送收集、秸秆高效清洁收获等关键技术,并建议结合鲜食玉米不同种植区域研制多种规格的收获机型。

With the adjustment of the national planting industry structure,the planting area of fresh corn in China continues to increase,but the mechanized harvesting rate was low,and the demand for fresh corn harvesting machinery was urgent.Based on the current development status of China's fresh corn industry,the research status of mechanized harvesting equipment and technology for fresh corn at home and abroad was elaborated.Through analysis,it was found that the main problems of mechanized harvesting equipment for fresh corn in China were high ear damage rate,high grain breakage rate,and high impurity content.In order to promote the rapid development of mechanized technology and equipment for fresh corn in China,it was proposed that research on mechanized harvesting technology for fresh corn in China should focus on breaking through key technologies such as flexible ear picking,multi-fan negative pressure impurity removal,flexible conveying and collection,and efficient and clean harvesting of straw.It was also recommended to develop harvester models of multiple specifications based on different planting areas of fresh corn.