玻纤生产过程废浇注料回收铂、铑的工艺研究

Research on the Process of Recovering Platinum and Rhodium from Waste Castable in Fiberglass Production

以玻纤生产过程的废浇注料为原料,采用球磨破碎、碱焙烧、王水溶解、有机相选择沉铑、氯化铵沉铂作为主要工艺回收铂、铑,取得良好的效果。浸出前通过碱焙烧-水溶去除废料中的硅、铝杂质,避免铂、铑在硅、铝元素包裹下难以完全浸出,同时可降低提纯难度。结果表明,碱加入量是废料质量的1.5倍,在750 ℃温度下焙烧40 min时,使用王水浸出,铂、铑的浸出率均在99%以上。使用二乙烯三胺可选择性沉淀浸出液中的铑,完成铂、铑的分离。反应温度为65 ℃,二乙烯三胺加入量为溶液中铑含量的8.5倍时,铑的沉淀率最高,可达到99.98%,同时溶液中的铂不沉淀。铂、铑分离后分别提纯,即可得到所需的海绵铂及铑粉。采用该工艺,铂、铑的回收率可达到99%,生产的海绵铂及铑粉的纯度均大于99.95%。

Taking waste castable from the fiberglass production process as raw materials,the ball milling crushing,alkaline roasting,aqua regia dissolution,organic phase selective precipitation of rhodium,and ammonium chloride precipitation of platinum are used as the main processes to recover platinum and rhodium,achieving good results.Before leaching,silicon and aluminum impurities in the waste are removed by alkaline roasting water dissolution,avoiding the difficulty of complete leaching of platinum and rhodium under the encapsulation of silicon and aluminum elements,and reducing the difficulty of purification.The results show that the amount of alkali added is 1.5 times the mass of the waste,when calcined at 750℃for 40 min and leached with aqua regia,the leaching rates of platinum and rhodium are both above 99%.The use of diethylenetriamine can selectively precipitate rhodium from the leaching solution to complete the separation of platinum and rhodium.When the reaction temperature is 65℃and the amount of diethylenetriamine added is 8.5 times the content of rhodium in the solution,the precipitation rate of rhodium is the highest,reaching 99.98%,at the same time,platinum in the solution does not precipitate.After separation and purification of platinum and rhodium,the required sponge platinum and rhodium powder can be obtained.By using this process,the recovery rate of platinum and rhodium can reach 99%,and the purity of the sponge platinum and rhodium powder produced is greater than 99.95%.