三孩政策下北京市育龄妇女社会支持水平与心理健康状况及其相关性分析

Analysis of Social Support Levels and Mental Health Status of Women of Childbearing Age in Beijing Under the Three-child Policy and Their Correlation

目的:探讨三孩政策下北京市育龄妇女的社会支持水平与心理健康状况,并分析其相关性,为改善北京市育龄妇女心理健康状况提供参考。方法:于2021年11月-2022年4月选取379例北京市育龄妇女进行问卷调查,采用社会支持评定量表评价社会支持水平,幸福感量表、抑郁自评量表评价其心理健康状况,通过Pearson相关分析研究育龄妇女社会支持水平与心理健康状况的相关性。结果:379例北京市育龄妇女社会支持评定量表得分为(35.06±7.93)分,幸福感量表得分为(30.98±10.38)分,抑郁自评量表得分为(52.59±10.34)分,其中抑郁症状检出率为49.87%;Pearson相关分析显示,育龄妇女社会支持中的主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度与幸福感呈正相关关系(P<0.05),与抑郁症状程度呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:三孩政策下北京市育龄妇女社会支持水平不高,幸福感偏低,存在一定抑郁症状,提示应从家庭、社会、政策等方面不断提高育龄妇女的社会支持水平,以促进其心理健康。

Objective:To explore the social support levels and mental health status of women of childbearing age in Beijing under the three-child policy and to analyze their correlation,providing references for improving the mental health of this group.Methods:From November 2021 to April 2022,379 women of childbearing age from Beijing were selected for a questionnaire survey.The social support rating scale was used to assess the level of social support,while the well-being scale and the self-rating depression scale were utilized to evaluate their mental health status.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to study the correlation between social support and mental health status.Results:The scores of the social support rating scale were(35.06±7.93),the well-being scale scored(30.98±10.38),and the self-rating depression scale scored(52.59±10.34),with a depression symptom detection rate of 49.87%.Pearson correlation analysis showed that social support including subjective support,objective support,and support utilization were positively correlated with well-being(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with the severity of depression symptoms(P<0.05).Conclusion:Under the three-child policy,social support for women of childbearing age in Beijing is not high,their sense of well-being is low,and there are significant depression symptoms,indicating that improvements in social support from family,society,and policy are crucial for enhancing their mental health.