清代中后期甘青边地的市场、权力与基层社会

The Evolution of Trade Order and Power Relations inEthnic Trade in the Mid-Qing Dynasty Gansu Frontier

清代中后期,甘青边地的社会逐渐呈现出地方寺院、绅商和官府之间错综复杂的交互与竞争态势。嘉庆、道光年间,朝廷基于战略考量建构起的一套理想贸易秩序蓝图,尽可能地覆盖贸易的每一个环节。在此框架下,官府、不同商业参与者与地方人群在贸易领域长期的利益博弈,促发一种新的合作与竞争关系的出现。寺院作为一股强大的社会力量,广泛介入各类资源的竞争与争夺;绅商群体依凭积累起来的社会资本,也在资源领域与地方寺院展开不同形式的合作与竞争。而州县直接统辖地区与厅属口外地区不同贸易形态的演变,也反映了同一王朝统治下的不同政治策略、贸易体系中的各种权力、社会文化资源的交互作用和影响。

In the mid-Qing Dynasty,the society of"Fan"(番)areas in Gan border gradually showed a state of intertwined competition among local temples,gentry merchants,and officials.During the Jiaqing(嘉庆)and Daoguang(道光)period,the imperial court constructed an ideal blueprint for trade order based on strategic considerations,covering every aspect of trade as much as possible.Within this framework,officials,different commercial participants,and local people engaged in a long-term game of interests in the field of trade,triggering the emergence of a new relationship of cooperation and competition.Temples,as a powerful social force,extensively intervened in various competitions and struggles for resources;gentry merchant groups relied on accumulated social capital and engaged in different forms of cooperation and competition with local temples in the field of resources.