勉萨派唐卡非遗传承人罗布斯达的教学创新

Teaching Innovation of Norbu Sithar:the Inheritor ofMiansa School Tangka Intangible Cultural Heritage

罗布斯达1967年出生于西藏日喀则拉孜县扎西岗乡的一个唐卡绘画世家勉冲平康家族,是藏族唐卡勉萨画派国家级非物质文化遗产代表性传承人。2005年罗布斯达在拉萨创立勉萨派艺术发展中心,致力于传授唐卡绘画技艺。为进一步推动唐卡艺术的发展,他于2012年创办西藏唐卡画院,并探索出一套产、学、研相结合的唐卡教学模式。在西藏唐卡画院,罗布斯达从学生的“心力”“手力”与“眼力”三方面入手,通过进阶式教学训练,提高学生的基本功。他采用实物展示与直观教学、图书陈列与知识扩展以及参加唐卡展览等多元化的教学方法,实践着“观—练—展”相结合的教学理念,从而有效弥补了传统唐卡教学模式的单一性缺陷。自2020年起,西藏唐卡画院相继成为西藏职业技术学院与西藏大学艺术学院的教学实践基地。在与西藏职业技术学院的合作中,罗布斯达强调职业教育的实用性,不仅传授传统技艺,更注重培养学生的品德修养,使教学模式更加贴近当代社会的生产需求,实现了传统标准与现代社会生产的有机结合。同时,他注重理论与实践的融合,培养学生的创作能力,这一举措标志着罗布斯达在高等唐卡教育领域中的又一创新实践。

Norbu Sithar was born in 1967 in TAR Shigatse Lhatse County Zhaxigang Township,a Tangka painting family Mianchongpingkang family,is the Tibetan Tangka Miansa painting school national intangible cultural heritage representative inheritor.In 2005,Norbu Sithar founded the Miansa School of Painting Art Development Center in Lhasa,dedicated to teach thangka painting skills.In order to further promote the development of thangka art,he founded the Tibetan Thangka Painting Academy in 2012,and explored a set of Thangka teaching mode combining production,learning and research.In Tibetan Thangka Painting Academy,Norbu Sithar starts from the three aspects of students'"mental strength,""hand strength"and"eye power,"and trains apprentices’basic skills through advanced teaching.He adopted diversified teaching methods such as physical display and intuitive teaching,book display and knowledge expansion,and participation in thangka exhibitions,and practiced the teaching concept of combining view-practice-exhibition,which effectively made up for the single defect of traditional thangka teaching mode.Since 2020,the Tibetan Thangka Painting Academy has successively become the teaching practice base of Tibetan Vocational and Technical College and the Art College of Tibet University.In cooperation with the Tibetan Vocational and Technical College,Norbu Sithar stressed the practicality of vocational education.It not only teaches traditional skills,but also pays more attention to cultivating students’moral cultivation,so that the teaching model is closer to the production needs of contemporary society,and realizes the organic combination of traditional standards and modern social production.At the same time,he was hired as a master's tutor of the School of Art of Tibet University,combining thesis guidance with the improvement of cultural accomplishment.Focusing on the integration of theory and practice and cultivating students'creative ability,this initiative marks another innovative practice of Norbu Sithar in the field of higher tangka education.