汉藏文化的交融与认同:河湟“财宝神”

The Blending and Identification of Sino-TibetanCulture: Hehuang's "Treasure God"

历史上的“河湟民族走廊”是多民族文化的集聚地,各民族在河湟地区互相往来、涵融混杂、骨肉相连、唇齿相依,形成了星罗棋布的多元格局,正是在这样一个独特的地域空间和文化土壤中孕育出了瑰丽多姿、丰富多彩的财宝神说唱艺术。河湟财宝神传说以历史人物苏武和昭君为载体,将真实的历史和浪漫的传说结合在一起,传达了精英知识分子和普通民众的不同情感诉求,并交织了历史人物和国家话语、道德秩序、民族情感等诸多要素。其文化渊源颇为复杂,它不仅生动地展现了游牧民族独特的生活面貌和审美特点,而且蕴藏着许多游牧民族远古生活的历史之谜。尽管河湟财宝神和藏族财神宝是在两种不同的文化背景下独立产生的,但财宝神在形成过程中借鉴和吸纳了藏族财神的名称,并受藏族五色财神以及佛教说唱形式的影响,使得它们在信仰层面上具有共同性,另外在财富的追求方面也非常一致。从这一实践层面而言,财宝神是汉藏两种文化杂糅的复合体,是多民族文化交汇融合的最佳例证,对我们进一步理解民族之间的互动交流以及文化认同具有重要意义。

In history,"Hehuang Ethnic Corridor"is a gathering place of multi-ethnic cultures.All ethnic groups in Hehuang area interact with each other,blend,connect flesh and blood,and be dependent on lips and teeth,forming a diverse pattern of scattered.It is in such a unique regional space and cultural soil that the magnificent and colorful treasure God rap art has been born.The legend of Hehuang Treasure God takes the historical figures Su Wu and Zhaojun as the carrier,combines the real history and the romantic legend together,conveys the different emotional demands of the elite intellectuals and ordinary people,and interweards many elements of the historical figures and national discourse,moral order,national emotion and so on.Its cultural origin is quite complicated,it not only vividly shows the unique life features and aesthetic characteristics of nomads,but also contains many historical mysteries of the ancient life of nomads.Although Hehuang Treasure God and Tibetan Treasure God of Wealth were independently produced in two different cultural backgrounds.However,in the process of its formation,the treasure god borrowed and absorbed the name of the Tibetan God of Wealth,and was influenced by the Five-colored Tibetan God of Wealth and the Buddhist teaching and singing form,which made them have commonality in the level of belief,and are also very consistent in the pursuit of wealth.From this practical level,the treasure god is a hybrid complex of the two cultures of Han and Tibetan.It is the best example of the integration of multi-ethnic cultures,and it is of great significance for us to further understand the interaction and communication between ethnic groups and cultural identity.