学术史视域下的“左史右史”说

The “Zuoshi and Youshi” Theory in the Perspective of Academic History

经由《礼记·玉藻》提出、《汉书·艺文志》阐发的“左史右史”说是中国学术史上的公案。在传统语境下,经学家利用左史、右史与太史、内史的跨文本阐释,普遍维护《礼记》说而否定《汉书》说,但脱离经学政教的影响,《汉书》说实则更加深入人心,冠名《礼记》而实取《汉书》的文化现象更为常见。不过伴随着经学反思意识的觉醒以及近代学术思潮的发展,以章学诚为代表的诸多学者,对左史、右史官制有无和记言、记事是否二分提出各种质疑和批评,严重冲击了这一学说的合理性。但这些批评与质疑并未引起近现代学者的充分注意与积极回应,坚持旧有经说并力证“左史右史”者依然大有人在。这一境遇主要是由于近现代史学史学科的兴起与其他相关人文研究的发展,需要借助“左史右史”说作为学科建设与理论阐发的起点,故而保守地承认甚至维护“左史右史”说成为部分学者的选择。

The“Zuoshi ang Youshi”theory,as proposed in“Yu Zao”from Liji and elaborated in the“Yiwenzhi”from Hanshu,is a public case in the history of Chinese academic history.In the traditional context,scribes used the cross-textual interpretation of the Zuoshi and Youshi and the Taishi and Neishi to generally defend the Liji and to reject the Hanshu theory.However,apart from the influence of scripture and political teaching,the Hanshu’s theory has become more popular,and the cultural phenomenon of taking the Hanshu under the name of the Liji is more commonly practiced.Along with the awakening of the consciousness of reflection on scripture and the development of modern academic trends,many scholars,represented by Zhang Xuecheng,raised various questions and criticisms on the existence of the official system of Zuoshi and Youshi and whether there was a dichotomy between the record of words and the record of events,which seriously affected the rationality of this doctrine.However,these criticisms and questions have not attracted full attention and active responses from modern scholars,and there are still many people who insist on the old scripture doctrine and forcefully prove the“Zuoshi and Youshi”.This situation is mainly due to the emergence of the discipline of the history of modern historiography and the development of other related humanities studies,which need the use of the“Zuoshi and Youshi”doctrine as a starting point for discipline construction and theoretical elaboration,and therefore conservatively acknowledging and even defending the“Zuoshi and Youshi”doctrine became the choice of some scholars.