茶室幻景——莱凯厅中国版画研究

Teahouse Fantasy:Study of Chinese Prints in the Leykam Zimmer

本文的讨论对象是奥地利格拉兹宫殿博物馆莱凯厅中的28幅中国版画。这些制造技术与视觉效果均十分出色的木刻版画,由7个主题构成,并与清初社会流行的图像密切相关。此外,清初宫廷艺术中与莱凯厅版画类似的阴影、体积表现,在欧洲传教士传入的铜版画、绘画和建筑装饰中均可得见。莱凯厅版画很可能制作于18世纪上半叶的苏州,为了迎合当时的消费者,刻意强调了祈求吉祥、彰显文人素养的方面。随着全球贸易路线的发展,18世纪的欧洲迎来了思想、技术和物质频繁交流的时代,“中国风”成为当时的流行元素,中国版画所具有的物质性和视觉性特征,也包含在形成“中国风”的多元物质形式之中。

This article discusses 28 Chinese prints in the Leykam Zimmer of the Kunsthaus Graz in Austria.These woodcuts,exhibited in seven themes,are excellent in techniques and visual effects,and are closely related to images popular in the early Qing Dynasty.In addition,shadow and volume expressions in the court art of the early Qing Dynasty,similar to those in the prints of the Leykam Zimmer,can be seen in copperplate etchings,paintings and architectural decorations introduced by European missionaries.It is possible that the prints in the Leykam Zimmer were made in Suzhou in the first half of the 18th Century and emphasized auspiciousness and literati tastes to cater to consumers at that time.As global trade expanded,Europe ushered in an era of frequent exchanges of ideas,technology and materials in the 18th Century,when"Chinoiserie"became a popular element.Chinese prints,with their material and visual characteristics,were also included in the diverse forms with"Chinoiserie".