日本法西斯分子中野正刚思想轨迹的剖析与批判

The Analysis and Criticism of Ideological TTrajectory of Japanese Fascist Nakano Seigo

以往的日本法西斯研究常常强调围绕天皇崇拜的一系列复古价值观,但在法西斯分子中野正刚的思想中,这种价值观的影响则很轻微。中野曾经是大正民主的积极拥护者,但其对民主的追求意在将一个整体不可分割的“国民的总意”表达在政治上,并且这种体现国民总意的政治需要克里斯马式领袖和民众的结合,这种民主观潜藏着与议会政治本质上冲突的部分,因此二十世纪三十年代面临国内外的危机,中野迅速放弃了议会中心主义,转头成为大众性民族主义运动的狂热煽动者,最终将希特勒的纳粹运动视为自己的模范。中野的转向不能简单理解为复古反动的“右转”,实际上其法西斯思想是由其民主思想发展而来的。中野的案例启示我们,对于日本法西斯的批判除了关注天皇崇拜等复古价值观的遗留之外,不应轻视其另一个侧面,即近代性本身所带来的问题。

Previous Japanese fascist studies often emphasized a series of traditional values surrounding the worship of the emperor,but the influence of these values was minimal in the thoughts of Nakano Seigo.Nakano was once an active supporter of Taisho democracy,but his pursuit of democracy was aimed at expressing an indivisible"general will of the nation"in politics.And this kind of politics that reflects the general will of the nation requires a combination of charismatic leaders and the mass.This view of democracy contains parts that fundamentally conflict with parliamentary politics.Therefore,in the face of domestic and international crises in the 1930s,Nakano quickly abandoned parliamentary centrism and became a fanatical agitator of the mass nationalist movement,ultimately seeing Hitler's Nazi movement as his own model.Nakano's turn cannot be simply understood as a reactionary"right turn".In fact,his fascist ideology had developed from his democratic ideology.The case of Nakano suggests that in addition to focusing on the legacy of traditional values such as the worship of the emperor,we should not underestimate another aspect of Japanese fascism,namely the problems brought about by modernity itself.