南京国民政府初期的地方精英与派系政治——以1932年灵璧县抗烟捐暴动为例

Local Elites and Factional Politics in the Early Period of the Nanjing National Government:An Example of the 1932 Anti-Opium Tax Riot in Lingbi County

从地方逻辑出发,以1932年安徽灵璧县抗烟捐暴动为例,可对国民党政权的现代国家建设作出新的分析。清末北洋以来,灵璧县形成了“旧派”“雷派”和“新派”三足鼎立的县域权力格局。南京国民政府成立之后,新派逐渐控制了全县的党权、军权和财权,但在征税等一系列地方事务中,权力行使不断溢出边界,侵犯了民众利益。于是,在旧派的鼓动下,灵璧县烟农发起抗烟捐暴动,因县长王肖山应对果断,暴动很快平息。其后,新派暂时失势,旧派重新崛起,县域权力格局经历了重组。灵璧县的例子揭示出,对于县区级地方精英而言,无论是国民党党部抑或政府机关,皆成为了派系竞逐的资源和工具,国家则沦为“他者”,国家政权建设旁落,进而削弱了国民党统治的合法性。

From the perspective of local logic,the 1932 anti-opium tax riot in Lingbi County,Anhui Province,as an example,can be used to make a new analysis of the modern state-building of the Kuomintang regime.Since the end of the Qing Dynasty,Lingbi had formed a three-pronged power structure of"conservative faction(旧派)","Lei faction(雷派)"and"new faction(新派)".At the beginning of the Nanjing National Government,the new faction controlled the party power,military power and financial power of the county,but in a series of local affairs such as taxation,the exercise of power constantly overflowed the boundary and violated the interests of the people.So under the encouragement of the conservative faction,Lingbi opium farmers initiated a riot against opium tax,due to the decisive response of the county governor Wang Xiaoshan,the riot was quickly quelled.Afterwards,the new faction temporarily lost its power,the conservative faction re-emerged,and the power pattern of the county was reorganised.The example of Lingbi revealed that for the local elites at the county and district levels,both the KMT and the governmental organs became the resources and tools for factional competition,while the state was reduced to the other,and the construction of state power fell by the wayside,thus weakening the legitimacy of the KMT's rule.