水利建设与社会变迁:民国时期兰州湟惠渠建设研究

Water Conservancy Construction and Social Change:Research on the Construction of Huanghui Channel in Lanzhou during the Republic of China Era

水利是农业的命脉,我国西北地区气候干旱少雨,水利建设是促进农业发展的主要手段。湟惠渠建成于20世纪40年代初,是兰州首个人工自流灌溉渠。在湟惠渠修建过程中,资金不足、技术工匠及原材料缺乏等难题是影响工程进度的主要因素,在当地人民的积极配合下,湟惠渠建设最终得以顺利完工。渠建成后,灌溉区域土地产值增加、利用面积扩大、价值上涨,国民政府还在该地设立了自耕农实验区,试图实现“耕者有其田”的目标,堪称民国时期西北地区水利建设的典范。

Water conservancy was the lifeline of agriculture,and in the arid,drought-prone climate of Northwest China,water conservancy construction was a primary means of promoting agricultural development.The Huanghui Canal,completed in the early 194Os,was the first artificial gravity irrigation canal in Lanzhou.During its construction,major challenges such as insufficient funding,a shortage of skilled craftsmen,and a lack of raw materials significantly affected the project's progress.However,with the active cooperation of the local populace,the construction of the Huanghui Canal was ultimately completed successfully.Following its completion,the irrigated area's land productivity increased,the utilization area expanded,and the land value appreciated.The National Government even established a self-cultivating farmer experimental zone in the region,aiming to achieve the goal of"land to the tiller".The Huanghui Canal standed as a model of water conservancy construction in Northwest China during the Republic of China era.