工业机器人应用与企业服务化转型

The Application of Industrial Robots and the Service-Oriented Transformation of Enterprises

服务化转型是中国制造企业实现高质量发展的必由之路。采用投入产出表和产品词频检索识别企业投入服务化和产出服务化水平,基于2000—2013年中国工业企业数据和进出口数据,考察工业机器人应用对企业服务化转型的影响。研究发现,工业机器人应用显著提升了企业投入服务化和产出服务化水平,在经过内生性问题处理和稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。机制检验结果表明,工业机器人应用主要通过成本降低效应提升企业投入服务化水平,对产出服务化的作用效果不明显;工业机器人应用通过人力资本结构优化效应和价值链攀升效应能够同时提升企业投入服务化和产出服务化水平。异质性检验结果显示,工业机器人应用对企业服务化转型的促进效应在出口型企业和多次购买机器人的企业中更加明显。进一步研究发现,工业机器人应用所引致的服务化转型显著提升了企业绩效。未来政府需要推进工业机器人的普及与应用,以实现制造业和服务业的深度融合,赋能中国制造业企业价值链攀升。

Service-oriented transformation is the only way for Chinese manufacturing enterprises to achieve high-quality development.This paper uses input-output tables and product word frequency retrieval to measure the level of enterprise input servicing and output servicing.Based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises and Chinese import and export customs from 2000 to 2013,it examines the impact of industrial robot application on enterprise service-oriented transformation.The findings show that the application of industrial robots has significantly improved the level of enterprise input servicing and output servicing.After dealing with endogeneity issues and conducting robustness tests,the conclusion still holds.The mechanism testing reveals that the application of robots improves the input servicing level of enterprises mainly through cost reduction effects,and this effect on output servicing is not significant.The application of robots can promote both the level of input servicing and output servicing of enterprises through the human capital structure optimization effect and the value chain climbing effect.The heterogeneity testing results reveal that the promotion effect of industrial robot applications on enterprise service-oriented transformation is more evident in export-oriented enterprises and enterprises that purchase robots multiple times.Further study reveals that the service-oriented transformation caused by the application of industrial robots has significantly improved enterprise performance.In the future,the government needs to promote the popularization and application of industrial robots,so as to realize the deep integration between the manufacturing industry and the service industries,and empower Chinese manufacturing enterprises to climb high on the value chain.