美国外包策略形式转换与中国应对战略

The Transformation of Outsourcing Strategies in the United States and China's Response Strategies

当前美国的外包策略已经转换为“在岸外包”“近岸外包”和“友岸外包”三种形式。这意味着美国推动其外包的动机发生重要变化,从过去以效率为主转向了安全与效率兼顾,在与中国的竞争中把所谓的安全放在了第一位。美国外包策略形式转换的底气在于美国拥有一个超大规模的国内统一大市场,目前它正利用这个绝对的市场优势,试图全面解构中国过去嵌入的全球价值链。中国破解美国外包策略形式转换的长期的最根本的办法在于塑造强大的国内统一大市场。而短期内可以采取的具体措施是:通过优化投资营商环境、降低交易费用来引进和留住更多的外商投资企业;鼓励中资企业加快“走出去”的步伐,抱团出海,以美国、加拿大和墨西哥等为投资目的地,加强与美国所主导的产业链的联系;通过更高水平的开放影响美国的盟友及美国内部不同的利益集团,重塑中国国际经济循环的新格局。

The current outsourcing strategy in the United States has been transformed into the following three forms:“onshoring”,“nearshoring”,and“friendshoring”.This means that the motivation for outsourcing has also undergone a significant change in the US,shifting from a focus on efficiency in the past to balancing safety and efficiency,and placing so-called safety first in competition with China.The confidence of the transformation of outsourcing strategy in the United States lies in its possession of the largest domestic unified market in the world.At present,the United States is using this absolute market advantage to attempt to comprehensively deconstruct the global value chain that China has already embedded over the past years.The fundamental long-term solution for China to crack the transformation of the United States outsourcing strategy lies in shaping a strong domestic unified market.In the short term,such specific measures can be taken:by optimizing the investment and business environment,making every effort to reduce transaction costs to attract and retain more foreign-invested enterprises;by encouraging Chinese enterprises to accelerate their“going out”and join forces to go global,with the United States,Mexico and Canada as the investment target area,strengthening the connection with the industrial chain led by United States;by adopting a higher level of openness to affect the allies of the United States and different interest groups within the United States,and reshaping a new pattern of China's international economic cycle;etc.