从教育扶贫到乡村教育振兴的政策调适与有效接续——基于国家教育扶贫政策的内容分析

The Policy Adaptation and Effective Succession from Education Poverty Alleviation to Rural Education Revitalization——Content Analysis Based on the National Education Poverty Alleviation Policy

乡村教育振兴是脱贫攻坚的成果巩固与战略升级,具有承接教育扶贫、奠定教育现代化发展的关键作用。在政策上,推进教育扶贫与乡村教育振兴有效衔接是全面推进乡村振兴工作的重要议题。通过构建“政策工具-政策主体-政策要素”三维立体式的分析框架,对1984—2020年国家制定的141份教育扶贫政策进行内容分析,解构政策主体合作、政策工具运用和政策要素配置的内部关系发现:教育扶贫政策体系化特征显著,形成了以教育管理为主的教育经费支持模式。但在教育扶贫与乡村教育振兴的衔接上,仍面临着政策工具选用广泛而内部结构性偏差明显、政策主体间合作普遍而深度协作力度不够、政策要素宏观配置均衡而市场作用发挥不足等的困境。建议通过完善政策工具系统协调机制、创新乡村教育振兴主体协作参与机制、深化乡村教育振兴的政策要素供给侧结构性改革等推动乡村教育政策接续创新。

Rural education revitalization is the consolidation of achievements and strategic upgrading in the stage of poverty eradication,and has a key role in undertaking education poverty alleviation and laying down the development of education modernization.Promoting the effective connection between education poverty alleviation and rural education revitalization in policy is an important subject for comprehensively promoting the work of rural revitalization.A three-dimensional analysis framework of policy tools-policy subjects-policy elements is constructed,and a text processing model is built with the help of Python to analyze the content of 141 policies for poverty alleviation in education formulated by the state from 1984 to 2020,and deconstruct the internal relationship between the cooperation of policy subjects,the application of policy tools and the allocation of policy elements.The study found that the systematization feature of education poverty alleviation policies is remarkable,and a model of education funding support mainly based on education management has been formed.However,in the articulation of rural education revitalization,there are still dilemmas of adjustment such as extensive selection of policy tools but obvious internal structural deviation,widespread cooperation of policy subjects but insufficient in-depth collaboration,balanced macro allocation of policy factors but insufficient market role.The successive innovation of rural education policies can be promoted by improving the systematic coordination mechanism of policy tools,innovating the collaboration and participation mechanism of rural education revitalization main bodies,and deepening the supply-side reform of policy elements for rural education revitalization.