基于有限元法的核电厂防异物堵板分析与优化

Analysis and Optimization of the Blocking Plate in Nuclear Power Plant Based on the Finite Element Method

为探究不同材料蜂窝结构堵板对核电厂作业工况的减重效果与相应的力学性能,借助有限元分析软件(ANSYS)分别对各个材料以实心堵板、蜂窝堵板和空心结构堵板进行静态变形计算与评定和动态仿真分析。首先进行静态载荷分析,对堵板的关键部位施加法向垂直荷载模拟工作中持续荷载;对堵板采用动态冲击仿真分析与实验,比较了五种材料的三种不同结构堵板主要受载荷部位的变形影响;通过冲击仿真,对比动力学冲击形变量与塑性变形量,判断不同材料的力学特性以找到选取最优解。结果表明:在施加静态载荷与动态冲击时,蜂窝结构堵板的减重效果最佳,在不同的加载条件下性能最好;7010铝合金重量轻,承载能力强,能很好地吸收冲击,更适合应用于核电厂堵板。采用7010蜂窝铝板,综合加工工艺优化与样件实验,堵板重量由19.3 kg降低为13.2 kg,极大地提高了产品的实用性。

In order to explore the adaptability of different structures and materials to the operation conditions of nuclear power plant,the finite element models of several types of structures and materials are established.For the finite element model,stress calculation and evaluation and dynamic simulation analysis are carried out.The static method was used to apply normal vertical load to the key parts of the blocking plate to simulate the continuous load.The results show that T700 carbon fiber and ZK60 magnesium alloy can better meet the load requirements of the plugging plate.In terms of structure,hollow and honeycomb structures have better performance under different loading conditions than solid ones.Adopting the 7010 honeycomb aluminum plate,taking into account the optimization of production process and sample experiments,the weight of the blocking plate was reduced from 19.3 kg to 13.2 kg,greatly improving the practicality of the product.