“对言语法”和中国逻辑

Dui-speech Grammar and Chinese Logic

“对言语法”揭示了汉语语法的诸多核心特征,说明其依据的是对话逻辑,跟西方基于命题建构的演绎逻辑不同。本文梳理思想史的线索发现,与“对言语法”的认识一致,汉语和印欧语语法根本特征的差别、中西思想传统的差别都是命题是否占据核心地位。西方思想传统以命题和表征论为根本,中国思想传统对此持消极立场,这是双方对“道”与“言”关系看法相左的结果。由此导致中西逻辑有别:中国逻辑重视实际观点的论证和类比推理,西方则将演绎推理视为理性的根本。前者对逻辑陈述的分析简单,后者则重视命题结构和范畴的系统分析。中国逻辑独立形成且具备特质,跟西方、印度逻辑体系三分天下,“对言语法”和对话逻辑继承并发展了上述传统,这是其合理性的重要依据之一。

The theory of Dui-speech Grammar reveals many core features of Chinese grammar,indicating that it is based on Dialogue Logic,which is different from Western deductive logic based on propositional analysis.This paper finds that,consistent with the understanding of Dui-speech Grammar,the differences between the fundamental features of Chinese and Indo-European grammar and the differences between Chinese and Western thought traditions are all related to whether propositions occupy a central position.The Western thought tradition is based on proposition and representation theory,while the Chinese thought tradition holds a negative position on it,which is the result of conflicting views on the relationship between Tao/logos and speech.This leads to a difference between Chinese and Western logic.Chinese logic emphasizes the argumentation of practical viewpoints and analogical reasoning,while Western logic considers formal deductive reasoning as the foundation of rationality.The former pays less attention to propositional and categorical inquiry,while the latter conducts deep and systematic analysis of these aspects.Chinese logic is formed independently and has its own characteristics.It is one of the three logic systems in the world history of philosophy.Dui-speech Grammar and Dialogue Logic root in it and derive rationality from it.