2005—2022年广西急性乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of viral hepatitis B in Guangxi,2005-2022

目的分析2005—2022年广西急性乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)的流行病学特征,为制定乙肝防治相关策略提供参考依据。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”收集2005—2022年广西急性乙肝相关资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析急性乙肝流行病学特征。结果2005—2022年广西累计报告147865例急性乙肝病例,年均发病率为17.13/10万,发病率整体呈下降趋势(趋势χ^(2)=9708.01,P<0.001)。急性乙肝病例数季节分布无明显特点。地区年均发病率居前3位的是玉林市(41.21/10万)、梧州市(33.81/10万)和来宾市(23.09/10万)。报告的急性乙肝病例中,男、女性别比例为2.26∶1,男性发病率高于女性(χ^(2)=17384.50,P<0.001)。发病例数最多的年龄组是25~29岁组(14.56%),最少的年龄组是5~9岁组(0.77%)。30岁以下各年龄组急性乙肝病例构成比呈下降趋势,30~34岁年龄组急性乙肝病例构成比呈平稳趋势,35岁及以上年龄组急性乙肝病例构成比呈上升趋势。职业分布以农民为主,其占病例总数的比例最高(71.13%)。结论2005—2022年广西急性乙肝发病率整体呈下降趋势,地区间发病率及其变化趋势有差异,发病主要以男性、农民、25~29岁人群为主。今后应继续加强乙肝疫苗接种免疫工作,加大乙肝知识的宣传力度,提高成人乙肝疫苗接种率,进一步降低广西人群急性乙肝发病率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute viral hepatitis B(hepatitis B)in Guangxi from 2005 to 2022,and to provide reference for the development of hepatitis B prevention and treatment strategies.Methods The data of acute hepatitis B in Guangxi from 2005 to 2022 were collected through the“China Disease Prevention and Control Information System”.The epidemiological characteristics of acute hepatitis B were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 147865 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in Guangxi from 2005 to 2022,with an average annual incidence of 17.13/100000,showing a decreasing trend(trendχ^(2)=9708.01,P<0.001).The seasonal distribution of acute hepatitis B cases had no obvious characteristics.The average annual incidence rates in Yulin city(41.21/100000),Wuzhou city(33.81/100000),and Laibin city(23.09/100000)were among the top 3 in Guangxi.The ratio of reported cases of acute hepatitis B between men and women was 2.26∶1.The incidence rate in men was higher than that in women(χ^(2)=17384.50,P<0.001).The incidence rate was highest among 25-29 years old(14.56%)and lowest among 5-9 years old(0.77%).The composition ratio of acute hepatitis B cases in each age group under 30 years old showed a downward trend,the composition ratio of acute hepatitis B cases in the 30-34 age group showed a stable trend,and the composition ratio of acute hepatitis B cases in the 35 years old and above age group showed an upward trend.The occupational distribution was dominated by farmers,who account for the highest proportion of the total cases(71.13%).Conclusions From 2005 to 2022,the incidence of acute hepatitis B in Guangxi shows an overall downward trend.The incidence and changing trend varied between regions.The infection mainly occurred among men,farmers,and people aged 25-29 years.In the future,we should continue to strengthen the hepatitis B vaccination and immunization work,increase the publicity of hepatitis B knowledge,increase the adult hepatitis B vaccination rate,and further reduce the incidence of acute hepatitis B among the Guangxi population.