钢轨吸振器对轮轨摩擦自激振动的抑制效果

Suppression effect of rail vibration absorber on self-excited vibration of wheel-rail friction

基于摩擦自激振动理论和现场调研,建立了DTVI2和科隆蛋扣件结构支撑下的小半径曲线区段轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统有限元模型,采用复特征值分析和瞬时动态分析研究了2种扣件区段钢轨吸振器对钢轨波磨的抑制效果;通过最小二乘法和粒子群算法研究了钢轨吸振器的不同参数对钢轨波磨的影响规律,确定2种扣件下钢轨吸振器的最优参数组合。研究结果表明:安装钢轨吸振器前后,轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统发生摩擦自激振动的主要频率为480 Hz;DTVI2扣件的最大垂向振动加速度由270.01 m·s^(-2)下降到206.07 m·s^(-2),降低了23.71%,功率谱密度(PSD)峰值由98.98 dB下降到94.92 dB;科隆蛋扣件的最大垂向振动加速度由300.97 m·s^(-2)下降到211.44 m·s^(-2),降低了29.74%,PSD峰值由101.58 dB下降到95.14 dB;在DTVI2扣件区段中,钢轨吸振器质量为14.0 kg,连接刚度为9.0×10^(6) N·m^(-1),连接阻尼为1.0×10^(5) N·s·m^(-1)时对钢轨波磨的抑制效果最好;在科隆蛋扣件区段中,钢轨吸振器质量为7.5 kg,连接刚度为1.07×10^(7) N·m^(-1),连接阻尼为1.0×10^(5) N·s·m^(-1)时钢轨波磨的抑制效果最好。可见,安装钢轨吸振器能够有效抑制轮轨系统的摩擦自激振动,从而抑制钢轨波磨的产生和发展;钢轨吸振器对科隆蛋扣件区段钢轨波磨的抑制效果优于DTVI2扣件区段;合理选取钢轨吸振器的连接参数会进一步抑制钢轨波磨的产生和发展。

Based on the frictional self-excited vibration theory and field investigation,the finite element model of the wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system in the small-radius curve section supported by DTVI2 fasteners and Cologne egg fasteners were established.The suppression effect of the two kinds of rail vibration absorbers on the rail corrugation was studied by two methods of complex eigenvalue analysis and instantaneous dynamic analysis.The effect laws of different parameters of rail vibration absorber on rail corrugation were analyzed by the least square method and particle swarm algorithm,and the optimal parameter combinations of rail vibration absorber under two kinds of fasteners were determined.Research results show that the main frequency of the frictional self-excited vibration of the wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system is 480 Hz before and after installing the rail vibration absorber.The maximum vertical vibration acceleration of the DTVI2 fastener decreases from 270.01 m·s^(-2) to 206.07 m·s^(-2),representing a decline of 23.71%.The peak value of power spectral density(PSD) reduces from 98.98 dB to 94.92 dB.The maximum vertical vibration acceleration of the Cologne-egg fastener decreases from 300.97 m·s^(-2) to 211.44 m·s^(-2),representing a decline of 29.74%.The peak value of PSD reduces from 101.58 dB to 95.14 dB.In the DTVI2 fastener section,the suppression effect on rail corrugation is the best when the mass of the rail vibration absorber is 14.0 kg,the connection stiffness is 9.0×10^(6) N·m^(-1) and the connection damping is 1.0×10^(5) N·s·m^(-1).In the Cologne-egg fastener section,the suppression effect on rail corrugation is the best when the mass of the rail vibration absorber is 7.5 kg,the connection stiffness is 1.07×10^(7) N·m^(-1) and the connection damping is 1.0×10^(5) N·s·m^(-1).It can be seen that the installation of rail vibration absorbers can effectively suppress the frictional self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system,thereby suppressing the formation and development of rail corrugation.The suppression effect of the rail vibration absorber on rail corrugation in the Cologne-egg fastener section is better than that in the DTVI2 fastener section.Appropriate selection of the connection parameters of the rail vibration absorber can suppress the formation and development of rail corrugation.3 tabs,13 figs,32 refs.