基于公众参与科学视角探索“公民科学”的中国路径

Exploring the Chinese Path of"Citizen Science"Based on the Perspective of Public Engagement in Science

近年来,由科学家指导普通公众作为志愿者参与实际科研的公民科学项目在欧美科学界取得了极大发展。在中国也有越来越多的科学家对其进行探索。本文在追溯公民科学缘由和推动因素的基础上,指出公民科学项目代表着公众参与科学运动的折衷与转型。而鉴于中国特定的体制环境,公民科学不但有助于在一定程度上化解科研人员参与科普动力的不足,也同样可以成为公众参与科学理念的载体。然而,要在中国有效开展公民科学项目,这类项目需要做出包括更换名称、嵌入现有科普体制以及融入社会教育事业等方面的调整。科研界与科学传播学界的积极合作以及科学共同体自身的建设也必不可少。

In recent years,citizen science,in which scientists guide ordinary people to participate in actual scientific research as volunteers,has developed greatly in the scientific community in Europe and the United States.In China,more and more scientists are exploring citizen science.On the basis of tracing the origins and driving factors of citizen science,this paper points out that citizen science projects represent a compromise and transformation of the movement of public engagement in science.Given China's specific institutional environment,citizen science can not only help to solve the lack of motivation of researchers to participate in science popularisation to a certain extent,but it can also be a vehicle for the concept of public engagement in science.However,for citizen science projects to be effective in China,they need to be renamed,embedded in the existing science popularisation system,and integrated into social education.Active collaboration between the science community and the science communication community,as well as the development of the science community itself,are essential.